Cognate Set 5036 – Meaning: carry

IE-CoR reference form:
*bʰer-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Tocharian, Hellenic, Armenian, Albanian, Indo-Iranic, Germanic, Italic, and Celtic lexemes derived from PIE *bʰer- 'to carry' (LIV² 76-77, cf. Adams 2013:397-398, Beekes 2010:1562-1564, Martirosyan 2010:176, Schumacher & Matzinger 2013:965, EWAia I:246-249, Cheung 2007:6-10, Seebold 1970:104-106, Kroonen 2013:59, de Vaan 2008:213-214, Matasović 2009:62).
Found in clades:
Albanian, Armenian, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Indic, Iranic, Italic, Tocharian
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 9 clades by 53 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
49   Khotanese bīḍä biːɽə biːɖə Stem bar-, Past buḍa-
6   Greek: Ancient phérō φέρω pʰé̞ro̞ː pʰé̞ro̞ː Inf. φέρειν. (Suppletive future οἴσω, aorist ἤνεγκα, perfect ἐνήνοχα < *h₁nek̑- cf. cognate set 5130).
7   Greek: New Testament phérō φέρω ˈpʰe̞ro̞ ˈpʰe̞ro̞ > 30 attestations in the NT.
124   Latin ferre ˈferːe ˈferːe ferō, ferre, (suppletive perfect parts: (te)tuli, (t)lātum). ferre is an irregular infinitive from Pre-Latin *férsi (with syncope) via Proto-Italic *féresi.
66   Middle Persian barēd bryd bar- bareːd Past bwrd- /burd-/; ZP bl-, past bwlt-
55   Parthian barēd bryd bar- bareːd Past bwrd- /burd/
146   Oscan -fret In native script amfret (3.pl.pres., CA B 6,19); cf. native script f]erríns (3.pl.subj., CA B 29) and North Oscan (Marrucinian) feret (3.pl.pres., MV 1), ferenter (3.pl.pres.pass., MV 1).
147   Umbrian fertu Native script: fertu (3.sg.imptv., 16x between IIa 17 to IIb 16), fertuta (3.pl.imptv., III 13), ferest (3.sg.fut., IIa 26). Latin script: f<e>rar (3.sg.subj.pass.?, VIb 50), fertu (3.sg.imptv., 2x in VIb 50). With preverb am-, Native script: aferum (inf., Ib 10). Latin script: anferener (gerundive, gen.sg.m., VIa 19). Suppletive perfect stem < *deh₃- Native script: ateřafust (3.sg.fut., Ib 40), Latin script: andersafust (3.sg.fut., VIIb 3), andirsafust (3.sg.fut., VIIa 46).
10   Greek: Pontic féro φέρω ˈfe̞ro̞ ˈfe̞ro̞ aor. /ˈinka/ or /ˈe̞nka/
12   Greek: Italiot férrō φέρρω ˈfe̞rro̞ ˈfe̞rro̞ Cal.; /ˈfe̞ro̞/ Ap.
15   Armenian: Classical berem բերեմ bɛˈɾɛm bɛɾ-ɛ-m
9   Greek: Cappadocian feríškō φερίσ̌κω feˈriʃko feˈriʃko
21   Vedic: Early bhr̥- भृ- bʱɾ- bʱr- root
19   Albanian: Standard bart Frequently also mbar (with prefix en- '(in)to').< Pr. Alb. *bar- + unknown enlargement, related to PIE *bʰer-, though the exact basis remains unclear (o-grade seems necessary, but for a continuantion of PIE iterative *bʰor-éye/o one would expect indications of umlaut).
103   Icelandic bera
104   Faroese bera
105   Norwegian: Bokmål bære ˈbæ̀ːɾə ˈbæ̀ːrɛ
107   Elfdalian bjärå
108   Old Swedish bära ˈbæːra bæːra
110   Danish bære ˈbɛːʌ
158   Old Irish beirid ˈbʲɛrʲɪðʲ ˈbʲerʲəðʲ
160   Gaelic: Manx ymmyrkey ˈimərkə ˈimərkə iomchar
161   Gaelic: Irish beir ˈbʲɛɹ̝ ˈbʲarʲ
109   Swedish bära
46   Avestan: Younger baraiti 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 barati
53   Yaghnobi var-
4   Tocharian B paräṃ paräṃ ≠ kama- ˈpərɨ̃ pər-ˈə-n Root /kama-/, suppletive pres. /pər-ə/e-/.
3   Tocharian A pärtär pärtär ≠ kāmā-/ pɨrtɨr pr-tr Root /kāmā-/, suppletive pres. /pr(a)-/.
22   Pali bharati bʱɐɾɐtɪ bʱarati
68   Bakhtiari bordak boɾdak bordak
18   Albanian: Gheg bart
54   Bactrian barado βαραδο baraːd mostly used in idiomatic expressions, but the literal meaning 'carry, take' is found in a couple of attestations of the past stem βορδο
48   Sogdian βarti brty βarti
67   Persian: Tehran bordan bordæn
47   Khwarazmian βareda βryd βareda
62   Tati mebare mebære
63   Mazanderani varne værne
69   Delvari mivo mivo
70   Lari abe abe
71   Kumzari tēbura teːbʊɻɐ teːbʊɻɐ
64   Balochi: Sistani bārt bɑrt
57   Kurdish C.: Jafi awāt æwɑt
58   Kurdish S.: Elami waē waeː Same verb as 'take'. The term hēz dā has the idea of lifting and carrying. The term aḷgirt bird refers to picking up and carrying something away. A b-initial form (baē) is also used by some people.
60   Hawrami mawaroš mæwæroʃ
61   Raji: Barzoki ạʋare ʔa̠ˁβ̞aɾe a̠ˁʋaɾe
65   Old Persian barati 𐎲𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹 barati only attested with prefixes
50   Pashto wrral وړل wɽəl wɽəl
111   Old English beran ˈberɑn ˈberɑn
102   Old Icelandic bera ˈbera ˈbera
101   Gothic bairan 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 ˈbɛran ˈbɛran
106   Norwegian: Nynorsk bere ˈbæːʁə ˈbæːʁɛ
119   Old High German beran ˈberan ˈberan
59   Kurdish S.: Qorveh a-w(a)-ā æwɑ
References
  • Adams, Douglas Q.: 397-398
    S.v. TochB pär- 'bear (away), carry (off); take up, wear' < PIE *bʰer- 'bear, carry'.
  • Beekes, Robert: 1562-1564
    S.v. φέρω 'to bear, endure, carry off, bring away, provide, reach, move along, etc.' < PIE *bʰer- 'bear, carry'. The non-present stems in Ancient Greek are suppletive: fut. οἴσω < ?*h₃ei̯t- (LIV² 297), aor. ἤνεγκα, pf. ἐνήνοχα < *h₁nek̑- (LIV² 250-251, IEW 316-8).
  • Cheung, Johnny: 6-10
    S.v. Proto-Iranian *bar- 'bring, carry' < PIE *bʰer- 'bring, bear, carry'.
  • Kroonen, Guus: 59
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *beran- 1 'to bear, carry, give birth' < PIE *bʰér-e-.
  • Martirosyan, Hrach: 176
    S.v. Arm. berem 'to bring, bear, give fruit' < PIE *bʰer- 'bear'.
  • Matasović, Ranko: 62
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *ber-o- 'carry, bear, bring' < PIE *bʰer- 'carry'.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:246-249
    S.v. Ved. √bhar- 'tragen, hegen, pflegen; bringen' < PIE *bʰer-.
  • Rix, Helmut: 76-77
    S.v. *bʰer- 'tragen, bringen' (IEW 128-32).
  • Schumacher, Stefan and Matzinger, Joachim: 965
    S.v. Alb. bart 'tragen, transportieren', certainly continues an o-grade present stem from the root *bʰer- 'tragen, bringen' (LIV² 76f.) but it is unclear whether this is a reflex of a PIE iterative *bʰor-éi̯e/o- because umlaut is completely lacking in the Old Gheg present stem paradigm.
  • Sims-Williams, Nicholas: 201
    S.v. Bactrian βαρ- < Proto-Iranian *bara-/*br̥ta- 'bear, carry'.
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 213-214
    S.v. Lat. ferō, ferre (irregular verb) 'to carry, take' < PIE *bʰer- 'carry'. The suppletive perfect stem tuli and p.p.p. lātum < *tlh₂-to- 'lifted' are based on the root *telh₂- 'lift, take' (LIV² 622-623, IEW 1060-1), cf. Lat. tollō 'lift'.