Cognate Set 5169 – Meaning: shadow

IE-CoR reference form:
umbra
IE-CoR reference language:
Latin
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Italic and Romance lexemes from Latin umbra, possibly to be further connected to Lithuanian ùnksna 'shade, shadow' (de Vaan 2008:639, Derksen 2015:479, Fraenkel 1962–1965:1164) but cf. ALEW 1147, 1149-1150, doubting connections outside of Lithuanian and with further discussion. Further connections outside of Italic consequently unclear.
Found in clades:
Italic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 1 clade by 22 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
124   Latin umbra ˈumbra ˈumbra G.sg. umbrae
125   Romanian umbră ˈumbɾə ˈumbrə
128   Neapolitan ombra ˈombrə ˈombrə
129   Italian ombra ˈombra ˈombra
130   Friulian ombrene oŋʷˈbrɛnɛ omˈbrɛne
131   Ladin ombria omˈbria
133   Sardinian: Nuoro úmmara ˈummara ˈummara
134   Sardinian: Logudoro umbra ˈumbra ˈumbra
135   Anglo-Norman umbre
136   French ombre ɔ̃ːbʁə ɔ̃bʁ
137   Walloon ombion õˈbjõ õˈbjõ
139   Franco-Provençal anbro ˈɒ̃bɾɞ̞ ˈɔ̃brɔ
141   Catalan ombra ˈombɾə ˈombɾə
142   Old Spanish sombra ˈsombɾa
143   Spanish sombra ˈsɔmbɾa ˈsombɾa
144   Portuguese sombra ˈsombɾɐ ˈsombɾɐ
138   Old Occitan oumbra
126   Megleno-Romanian úmbră
140   Old Catalan ombra ombɾə ombɾə
127   Dalmatian: Vegliote sombreja somˈbreja Uncertain.
145   Portuguese: Brazilian sombra
132   Milanese umbrìa ˈumbria
References
  • Derksen, Rick: 478-479
    Cf. s.v. Lith. uñksnė 'shade, shady place'; possibly connected with Lat. umbra 'shade, shadow' if it reflects *unksra-, but cf. also variant ūksna without a nasal, possibly to be connected with vãkaras 'evening'.
  • Ernout, Alfred and Meillet, Antoine: 745
    S.v. Lat. umbra 'ombre, ombrage'. A connection with Skt. andáḥ = Av. andō 'aveugle' and Ved. ándhaḥ 'obscurité' is plausible; for the suffix cf. Lat. tenebrae. Lith. ùnksnā 'ombre' has also been connected; umbra would be from *unks-ra.
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 1147, 1149-1150
    Cf. s.v. OLith. ùnksna, unksnà 'Schatten', connected with OLith. ū̃kas, ū́kas 'Dunst, Nebel'; no certain comparanda outside of Lithuanian, traditionally assumed to be related to Lith. vãkaras 'Abend', but this etymology is difficult to explain in terms of its derivational morphology.
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 639
    S.v. Lat. umbra 'shadow, shade', generally connected with Lithuanian ùnksna 'shade' and reconstructed as *unksrā-. The etymology suggests a root *(H)unk- (full-grade *(H)uenk-), but the only comparable root in LIV² is *u̯enk- 'to bend', which does not seem to be a good semantic match. No other root etymology.