Cognate Set 8261 – Meaning: sand
- IE-CoR reference form:
- awaz
- IE-CoR reference language:
- Armenian: Classical
- Ideophonic:
- no
- Parallel derivation:
- no
- Justification:
- Earlier literature (cf. Buck 1949:22) connects Proto-Germanic *samda- cognate set 284, Greek ἄμμος cognate set 8262, and Lat. sabulum cognate set 8263 together from an original stem *samdʰo-. This etymology is followed in some recent literature (cf. Ringe 2006:11, 101) where the connection between these classes can be maintained through a reconstruction *sámh₂dʰos. On the other hand, Beekes in EIEC objects to this reconstruction on the basis of difficulties within Greek and the necessity to reconstruct IE *a. The Armenian forms in cognate set 8261 are sometimes also connected to the Germanic, Greek, and Italic ones, but alternative explanations are also possible (cf. Martirosyan 2010:149-150). It may well be possible that we are dealing with a European substrate loan into Late-IE which could be accounted for by *samh₂dʰo- (cf. Kroonen 2013:426), but the details remain quite unclear. As a consequence of the difficulties in reconciling all the proposed cognacy relations between these four branches, it is preferable to split them into separate cognate sets.
- Found in clades:
- Armenian
- Revised by:
- Matthew Scarborough
Found in 1 clade by 3 lexemes.
- References
- Buck, Carl Darling: 22-23
Under 1.215 SAND, Buck connects Greek, Germanic, and Romance cognates to an original stem *samdʰo-.
- Kroonen, Guus: 426
- Mallory, James P.: 499
Cf. R.S.P. Beekes s.v. SAND: "?*samh̥ªdhos 'sand' [IEW 146 (*bhes-); Wat 8 (*bhes-); Buck 1.215]. Lat. sabulum 'sand' ?saburra 'sand in a ship as ballast', ON sandr 'sand', NE (dial.) samel 'sand bottom', OHG sant, MHG sant ~ sampt 'sand', Grk ἄμαθος 'sand'. The Greek form cannot be separated from ψάμαθος and ψάμμος 'sand', while the MHG sampt can hardly represent an old variant and, even if it is one, it can hardly be an alternative development of a PIE form. A reconstruction along the lines of *samhªdhos is impossible and the a vocalism suggests a non-IE status for the word. This is even more evident if Lat. sabulum is regarded cognate. The status of Arm awaz 'sand' is unclear."
- Martirosyan, Hrach: 149-150
S.v. Arm. awaz 'sand, dust', connected with Gr. ἄμαθος, ψάμμος, Lat. sabulum 'sand', OHG sant, MHG sampt, etc. Probably of non-IE origin.
- Ringe, Don: 11, 101
- Scarborough, Matthew:
Earlier literature (cf. [Buck 1949](src-47):22) connects Proto-Germanic *samda- [cognate set 284](cog-284), Greek ἄμμος [cognate set 8262](cog-8262), and Lat. sabulum [cognate set 8263](cog-8263) together from an original stem *samdʰo-. This etymology is followed in some recent literature (cf. [Ringe 2006](src-395):11, 101) where the connection between these classes can be maintained through a reconstruction *sámh₂dʰos. On the other hand, Beekes in [EIEC](src-657) objects to this reconstruction on the basis of difficulties within Greek and the necessity to reconstruct IE *a. The Armenian forms in [cognate set 8261](cog-8261) are sometimes also connected to the Germanic, Greek, and Italic ones, but alternative explanations are also possible (cf. [Martirosyan 2010](src-79):149-150). It may well be possible that we are dealing with a European substrate loan into Late-IE which could be accounted for by *samh₂dʰo- (cf. [Kroonen 2013](src-165):426), but the details remain quite unclear. As a consequence of the difficulties in reconciling all the proposed cognacy relations between these four branches, it is preferable to split them into separate cognate sets.
