| Language | Lexeme | Native script | Phonetic | Phonemic | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 141 | Catalan | mal | maɫ | mal | ||
| 136 | French | mauvais | mɔvɛ | mɔvɛ | ||
| 144 | Portuguese | mau | maw | maw | ||
| 134 | Sardinian: Logudoro | malu | ˈmaːlu | ˈmaːlu | ||
| 133 | Sardinian: Nuoro | malu | ˈmaːlu | ˈmaːlu | ||
| 143 | Spanish | malo | ˈmalo | ˈmalo | ||
| 137 | Walloon | må | moː | moː | ||
| 124 | Latin | malus | ˈmaɫus | ˈmalus | gen. malī | |
| 146 | Oscan | mallom | Latin alphabet: mallom (acc.sg., TB 5,15, 2), malom (acc.sg.,TB Pocc.185,11) mallud (abl.sg. TB 20), malud (abl.sg., TB 11.) | |||
| 135 | Anglo-Norman | malveis | ||||
| 142 | Old Spanish | malo | ˈmalo | |||
| 128 | Neapolitan | malamente | malaˈmɛntə | malaˈmɛntə | ||
| 138 | Old Occitan | mau, mala | adj: masc, fem | |||
| 140 | Old Catalan | mal | mal | mal | ||
| 139 | Franco-Provençal | môvè | moˈve | moˈve | adjective, masculine form; feminine singular = môvéza; feminine plural = môvézé; probably borrowed from French (< mauvais) | |
| 145 | Portuguese: Brazilian | mau |
S.v. Lat. malus 'mauvais, méchant', Etymology uncertain. Appearance of Oscan dolud malud, perum dolom mallom in the Tabula Bantia may give evidence for Proto-Italic *malo-, however this legal phraseology in Oscan may have been borrowed from Latin. Scattered attestation of lexemes such as Old Irish mell 'destruction', Ancient Greek μέλεος 'idle, unhappy', Classical Armenian meł 'sin', Lithuanian mẽlas 'lie', Latv. màlds 'mistake', suggest a possible PIE *mol-o-. Because of the different semantics, however, this connection remains uncertain.
S.v. 5263 Lat. malus 'schlecht'.
S.v. Lat. malus 'unpleasant, bad', from Proto-Italic *malo- (cf. O mallom, malom [acc.sg.], either from O. *malu̯o-/*mali̯o- or a borrowing from Latin), from PIE *mol-o- 'bad'? (cf. OIr. mell 'destruction', Gk. μέλεος 'idle; unhappy', perh. βλασφημέω 'to slander'; Arm. mel 'sin', Lith. mẽlas 'lie', Latv. màlds 'mistake'. "The etymology given here is proposed by [[Ernout & Meillet 1985](src-316)]. It is semantically fine, but since it concerns a collection of largely isolated words in different IE branches it remains uncertain."
