Cognate Set 859 – Meaning: blood

IE-CoR reference form:
*h₁ésh₂-r̥, *h₁sh₂-én-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Anatolian, Tocharian, Armenian, Indo-Iranic, Baltic and Italic lexemes from PIE *h₁ésh₂-r̥, *h₁sh₂-én-, a heteroclitic r/n-stem, generally assumed to be the inherited Proto-Indo-European word for 'blood' (EIEC 71, cf. Kloekhorst 2008:256-260, Adams 2013:525, Martirosyan 2010:138, EWAia I:149, Turner 1962–1966:42 no. 971, Derksen 2015:526, de Vaan 2008:527-528, Meyer-Lübke 1935:627, no. 7574)
Found in clades:
Anatolian, Armenian, Baltic, Indic, Italic, Nuristani, Tocharian
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 7 clades by 34 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
141   Catalan sang saŋ saŋ
136   French sang sɑ̃ sɑ̃
129   Italian sangue ˈsaŋɡwe ˈsanɡwe
131   Ladin sanch ˈsaŋk
144   Portuguese sangue ˈsɐ̃ɣɨ ˈsɐ̃ɣɨ
134   Sardinian: Logudoro sambine ˈsambinɛ ˈsambinɛ
143   Spanish sangre ˈsaŋɡɾe ˈsanɡɾe
137   Walloon song' sõːɡ sõːɡ
124   Latin sanguīs ˈsaŋɡwiːs ˈsanɡwiːs gen. sanguinis
3   Tocharian A ysār jsar jsar
4   Tocharian B yasar ˈjəsər jəsar From PIE collective **h1esh2-ōr > *h1ésh2-ōr; see also Toch. A ysār.
1   Hittite ēšḫar / išḫan- e-eš-ḫar / iš-ḫa-na-aš heteroclitic noun ēšḫar/išḫan-. Cf. Gk. ἔαρ ‘blood’ (rare).
130   Friulian sanc ˈsaŋk ˈsank Deriv. sangat, sangut.
2   Luvian āšḫar- / *āšḫan- a-aš-ḫar-ša (CL) only CL; HL áshanantisa- (n.) 'blood-offering'?, gen.adj. of *ashanant(i)- to Hitt. ashanant- 'that of blood'
74   Latvian asinis ˈɑsinis ɑsinis
21   Vedic: Early ásr̥k असृक् ˈɐsɾk ásrk
16   Armenian: Eastern aryown արյուն ɑˈɾjun ɑɾi-un
17   Armenian: Western ariwn արիւն ɑˈɾjun ɑɾi-un
15   Armenian: Classical ariwn արիւն ɑˈɾjun ɑɾi-u/ɑn- Traditionally pronounced [ɑˈɾjun], originally *[ɑˈɾiwn].
75   Latgalian asnis ˈasʲnʲis asʲnʲis
125   Romanian sânge ˈsɨndʒe ˈsɨndʒe
128   Neapolitan sango ˈsaŋɡə ˈsanɡə
133   Sardinian: Nuoro sammene ˈsammɛnɛ ˈsammɛnɛ
135   Anglo-Norman sanc
139   Franco-Provençal san ˈsɒ̃ ˈsɔ̃ masculine noun
142   Old Spanish sangre ˈsanɡɾe
138   Old Occitan sang, sanc both acceptable spellings
126   Megleno-Romanian sắnḑi
140   Old Catalan sang saŋk saŋk
127   Dalmatian: Vegliote su̯aṅg swanɡ
145   Portuguese: Brazilian sangue
45   Vâsi-vari: Paṣki us′ü usˈǖ usˈyː usˈy
39   Pashai: North-West wor وور ʋoːɾ woːr
132   Milanese sanch sank
References
  • Adams, Douglas Q.: 525
    S.v. TochB yasar 'blood', which with TochA ysār reflect Proto-Tocharian *i̯äsār from the PIE 'collective' form *h₁ésh₂ōr (cf. non-collective in Hitt. ēshar, CLuw. āshar-sa, Gk. ἔαρ, Skt. ásr̥k (gen. asnás), Arm. ariun, Old Lat. as(s)er, Latv. asins, all 'blood').
  • Derksen, Rick: 526
    S.v. Latv. asins 'blood', from PIE *h₁esh₂-r-, h₁sh₂-én-s (cf. Hitt. ešḫar / išḫan- 'blood, bloodshed', Skt. ásr̥k 'blood', Gk. ἔαρ 'blood').
  • Kloekhorst, Alwin: 256-260
    S.v. Hitt. ēšḫar-/išḫan- 'blood, bloodshed', from PIE *h₁ésh₂-r̥, gen. *h₁sh₂-én-s (cf. Ved. ásr̥k/asnás, TochA ysār, TochB yasar, Gk. ἔαρ, Latv. asins, Lat. sanguen/sanguis).
  • Mallory, James P.: 71
    Cf. s.v. BLOOD *h₁ésh₂r̥ ~ *h₁ésh₂ōr (nom.), *h₁sh₂nós (gen.).
  • Martirosyan, Hrach: 138
    S.v. Arm. ariwn 'blood', to be connected with Gk. ἔαρ 'blood', Skt. ásr̥j-, from PIE *h₁esh₂r. One assumes a development *h₁esh₂r > *ehar > *ar- + suff. -iwn, although the function/origin of the suffix is unclear.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:149
    S.v. Ved. ásr̥j- 'Blut' (heteroclitic with asn-), from PIE *(h₁)ē̆sh₂r̥(-gʷ?), G.sg. *(h₁)sh₂n-ós (cf. Hitt. e-eš-ḫar, G.sg. e-eš-na-aš, TochA ysār, TochB yasar, Gk. ἔαρ, Latv. asins 'Blut').
  • Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm: 627
    S.v. 7574 sanguis 'Blut', 2. sanguen, -ine.
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley: 43
    S.v. 971 Ved. ásr̥j, nom. ásr̥k, gen. asnáḥ 'blood' RV., asra- n. Kālid. 1. asn- > Pr. usũ̄̈. 2. ā̆sr- > Paš. lauṛ. ār, kuṛ. ōel, dar. āš, ar. ōstr.
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 537-538
    S.v. Lat. sanguīs, sanguinis 'blood'. Generally agreed to be cognate with the old IE word for blood *h₁esh₂-r/n-. The element san- can go back to the oblique stem *h₁sh₂-(e)n-, but the origins of the element -guen or guin is less certain.