Cognate Set 123 – Meaning: smoke

IE-CoR reference form:
*dʰu̯eh₂-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Anatolian, Indo-Iranic, Balto-Slavic, Italic, and Celtic lexemes derived from PIE *dʰu̯eh₂- 'to make smoke' (Kloekhorst 2008:895, EWAia I:795, ALEW 243, Derksen 2015:145, ESSJa 5:203, Derksen 2008:132, de Vaan 2008:249, Matasović 2009:111, Irslinger 2002:61; cf. LIV² 158).
Found in clades:
Anatolian, Baltic, Celtic, Indic, Iranic, Italic, Nuristani, Slavic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 8 clades by 90 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
25   Bengali dhom̐ẏā ধোঁয়া d̪ʱõa
98   Belarusian dym дым dɨm dim
141   Catalan fum fum fum
136   French fumée fyme fyme
29   Hindi dhuāṁ धुआं d̪ʱʊɑ̃ d̪ʱʊɑ̃
161   Gaelic: Irish deatach ˈd̪ʲæt̪ˠʰəx ˈdʲatˠəxˠ
129   Italian fumo ˈfuːmo ˈfumo
34   Kashmiri daeh دءہ d̪ɨh d̪ɨh
131   Ladin fum ˈfum
76   Lithuanian dū́mai dˈuːmɐɪ dˈuːmaɪ
95   Sorbian: Lower dym dɘ̟m dɘ̟m An alternative lexeme is 'kuŕ' but it has also a meaning 'dust'.
33   Marathi dhūra धूर d̪ʱuːr
31   Nepali dhuvā धुवाँ dʱuwã
67   Persian: Tehran dūd دود duːd dud
88   Polish dym dɘ̟m dɨm
144   Portuguese fumo ˈfumu ˈfumu
97   Russian dym дым dɨm dim
134   Sardinian: Logudoro fumu ˈfummu ˈfummu
133   Sardinian: Nuoro fumu ˈvummu ˈfummu
83   Serbo-Croat dim dîm dîm
23   Sinhalese duma දුම
91   Slovak dym dim dim
85   Slovene dim dím dim
143   Spanish humo ˈumo ˈumo
99   Ukrainian dim дим dɪm dɪm
51   Wakhi ðit ðit
137   Walloon foumîre fuˈmiːʁ fuˈmiːʁ
26   Maithili dhuāṅ धुआं d̪ʱʊɑ̃
21   Vedic: Early dhūmáḥ धूमः dʱuːˈmɐ- dʱuːmás
78   Old Church Slavonic dymŭ дымъ dɯmʊ̆ dɯmʊ
124   Latin fūmus ˈfuːmus ˈfuːmus gen. fūmī
1   Hittite tuḫḫuu̯ai- / tuḫḫui- túḫ-ḫu-iš
30   Urdu dhuān دُھواں d̪ʰʊɑ̃
56   Kurdish N.: Bahdini dikel dikæl
77   Old Prussian dumis
74   Latvian dūmi ˈduːmi duːmi
130   Friulian fum ˈfum ˈfum
160   Gaelic: Manx jaagh ˈdʒeax ˈdʒeax deathach
158   Old Irish dé ˈd̪ʲeː ˈdʲeː
22   Pali dhūma dʱuːmɐ dʱuːma
49   Khotanese dumä dʊmə dumə
90   Polabian dåim dɒim dɒim
89   Kashubian dim dɘ̟m dim
66   Middle Persian dūd dwd duːð duːd ZP dwt
55   Parthian dūd dwd duːd duːd
27   Magahi dhuṅā धुंआ d̪ʰʊɑ̃
35   Palula dhuumíi دُھومی dṳːˈmiː dhuumíi
75   Latgalian dyumi ˈdɨumʲi diumʲi
125   Romanian fum fum fum
128   Neapolitan fummo ˈfummə ˈfummə
135   Anglo-Norman fumee
139   Franco-Provençal fmihe fˈmixɵ̞ fˈmixø
142   Old Spanish fumo ˈfumo
28   Bhojpuri dhuāṁ धुआं d̪ʱʊɑ̃
87   Old Polish dym dɨːm diːm
92   Old Czech dým ˈdɨːm ˈdiːm
71   Kumzari dūr duːɻ duːɻ
100   Rusyn dωm dɯm dɯm
86   Slovene: Kostel dim diːm diːm
84   Slovene: Early Modern dim
138   Old Occitan fum fum (noun); fumar (verb)
126   Megleno-Romanian fum
140   Old Catalan fum fum fum
37   Gawarbati dum دُم d̪ʊ̃m dum GM dum, dʽum
24   Assamese dhûm̐wā ধোঁৱা dʰʊ̃ɑ
32   Punjabi dʰūⁿāⁿ ਧੂੰਆਂ
36   Gawri dīmī دِھیمی d̪ĩ̤ˈmiːʔ diːmiː LH
39   Pashai: North-West diim دییم d̪iˑm diːm
63   Mazanderani di di
68   Bakhtiari di di di
61   Raji: Barzoki düd d̪ʉd̪ d̪ʉd̪
69   Delvari di di
70   Lari diz diz
64   Balochi: Sistani dūt dut
58   Kurdish S.: Elami dü dy
62   Tati dev dev
57   Kurdish C.: Jafi dūkaɫ dukæɫ
60   Hawrami dūkał dukælˠ
50   Pashto looge لوږۍ ˈluː.ɡe luːɡe
47   Khwarazmian δūd δwd ðuːd
52   Sarikoli dheed ðɵd
145   Portuguese: Brazilian fumaça
45   Vâsi-vari: Paṣki ül′üm ylˈym ylˈym
40   Kamviri d′üm dˈym dˈym
41   Kâta-vari: Eastern di′um dyüm djˈum diˈum
42   Kâta-vari: Ktivi di′um djˈum diˈum
43   Kalaṣa-alâ: Nišeigrâm düm dˈym dˈym
44   Saṇu-viri: Wâmâ d′uːm dˈʉːm dˈʉːm
132   Milanese füm fym
59   Kurdish S.: Qorveh dükaḷ dykæɭ
References
  • Derksen, Rick: 132
    S.v. Proto-Slavic *dỳmъ m. 'smoke' (ESSJa V 203), from PIE *dʰuH-mó- (cf. Skt. dhūmá- 'smoke, vapour', Gk. θυμός 'heart, passion, courage', Lat. fūmus 'smoke, vapour').
  • Derksen, Rick: 145
    S.v. Lith. dū́mai 'smoke' (Latv. dũmi 'smoke'), from PIE *dʰuH-mó- (cf. OCS dymъ, Skt. dhūmá- 'smoke, vapour', Gk. θυμός 'heart, passion, courage', Lat. fūmus 'smoke, vapour').
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 243
    S.v. OLith. dū́mas 'Rauch' (BSl. cf. Latv. dũmi 'Rauch', OPr. dumis 'Rauch', OCS dymъ 'Rauch, Dampf, Dunst', etc.), from PIE *dʰuh₂-mó- 'Rauch, Dampf' (cf. Ved. dhūmá- 'Rauch', Gk. θῡμός 'Mut, Gemüt, Sinn', Lat. fūmus 'Rauch, Dampf'.
  • Irslinger, Britta Sofie: 61
    Cf. for discussion regarding the stem formation of Old Irish dé and related Celtic forms.
  • Kloekhorst, Alwin: 895
    Cf. s.v. Hitt. tuḫḫuu̯ai- / tuḫḫui- 'smoke', from PIE *dʰuéh₂-u-ōi-s, *dʰuh₂-ói-m, *dʰuh₂-u-i-ós, generally derived from the PIE root *dʰuh₂- 'to produce smoke, to breathe'.
  • Matasović, Ranko: 111
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *dwīyot- 'smoke' [Noun], probably from PIE *duh₂-i̯o-, which developed to *dʰu̯īi̯o- (the immediate proto-form of Lat. suf-fio, to which a dental suffix was added in Celtic > Proto-Celtic *dwīyot-.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:795
    S.v. Ved. dhūmá- 'Rauch' (Ir., cf. Khot. dumä 'Rauch', etc.), from PIE *dʰuh₂-mó- (cf. Lat. fūmus, Lith. dū́mai, Latv. dũmi, OCS dymъ 'Rauch', Gk. θυμός 'vitale und physische Energie, seelische geistige Instanz, Geist, Sinn, Mut, Zorn).
  • Rix, Helmut: 158
    Cf. s.v. *dʰu̯eh₂- 'Rauch machen' (IEW 262-263).
  • Trubačev, O. N.: 5: 203
    PS *dymŭ is related to Old Indic dhūmá-, Latin fūmus, Lithuanian dū́mai etc. and derived from PIE *dhūmo-.
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 249
    S.v. Lat. fūmus 'smoke, fumes', from PIE *dʰuh₂-mó- 'smoke, fume' (cf. Skt. dhūmá- 'smoke, fume', Gk. θυμός 'spirit', OPr. dumis 'smoke', Lith. dū́mai 'smoke', OCS dymъ 'smoke', OHG toum 'steam').