Cognate Set 289 – Meaning: seed

IE-CoR reference form:
*seh₁-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Balto-Slavic, Germanic, Italic, and Celtic lexemes derived from PIE *seh₁- 'to press in' → 'to sow' (ALEW 906-907, Derksen 2015:392, Derksen 2008:446, Kroonen 2013:428-430, de Vaan 2008:557, Matasović 2009:336, cf. LIV² 517).
Found in clades:
Baltic, Celtic, Germanic, Italic, Slavic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 5 clades by 68 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
79   Bulgarian seme семе ˈsɛmɘ ˈseme
98   Belarusian nasenne насенне nɑ̈ˈsʲenʲːɛ naˈsʲenʲnʲe An alternative lexeme is 'семя', historically with the same root.
93   Czech semeno ˈsɛmɛnɔ ˈsemeno
116   Dutch zaad zat
112   English seed siːd Old English sǣd, sēd
117   Flemish zaed
114   Frisian sie(d) si.ə(t) Changed presentation of source form.
122   German Samen zaːmn̩ zaːmən AF Same.
161   Gaelic: Irish síol ˈʃiːlˠ ˈsʲiːlˠ
129   Italian seme ˈseːme ˈseme
76   Lithuanian sė́kla ˈsʲeːklɐ ˈsʲeːkla
95   Sorbian: Lower semje ˈsɛmĕɛ ˈsemje 'Symje' is a collective noun. For a single seed a derivative (diminutive) 'semuško' is used.
94   Sorbian: Upper symjo ˈsɘ̟mjɔ ˈsɘ̟mjɔ 'Symjo' is a collective noun. For a single seed a derivative (diminutive) 'symješko' is used.
80   Macedonian seme семе ˈse̞mɛ ˈseme
144   Portuguese semente sɨˈmẽtɨ sɨˈmẽtɨ
97   Russian semâ семя ˈsʲemʲɐ ˈsʲemʲa
134   Sardinian: Logudoro semen ˈsɛmɛn ˈsɛmɛn
133   Sardinian: Nuoro sémene ˈsɛmmɛnɛ ˈsɛmmɛnɛ
83   Serbo-Croat sjeme ˈsjɛ̂mɛ ˈsjême Ekavian variant: 'seme' /sême/ [ˈsɛ̂mɛ].
91   Slovak semeno ˈsɛmɛnɔ ˈsemeno
85   Slovene seme ˈsèːmɛ ˈsèːmɛ
143   Spanish semilla seˈmija seˈmija
99   Ukrainian nasìnnâ насіння nɐˈsʲinʲːɐ naˈsinʲnʲa
137   Walloon s(i)mince s(i)mẽs s(i)mẽs
124   Latin sēmen ˈseːmen ˈseːmen G.sg. sēminis
121   Luxembourgish Som zoːm zoːm
74   Latvian sēkla ˈsæːklɑ sæːklɑ
78   Old Church Slavonic sěmę сѣмѧ sæmɛ̃ sæmẽ
77   Old Prussian semen
130   Friulian semence seˈmɛntʃɛ seˈmɛntʃe
158   Old Irish síl ˈsʲiːlˠ ˈsʲiːl
160   Gaelic: Manx sheel ʃiːl ʃiːl síol
154   Old Breton att
148   Gaulish silo- Reconstructed form.
88   Polish nasiono nɑ̈ˈɕɔnɔ naˈɕono Also 'nasienie'. The word 'ziarno' is 'grain, corn'.
155   Middle Breton hat, had ˈhaːt, ˈaːt mask. according to Deshayes, collective according to Meurgorf
89   Kashubian semiono sɛˈmjɔnɔ seˈmjono
108   Old Swedish säþ sæð sæð
75   Latgalian sākla ˈsaːkla saːkla
128   Neapolitan semmenta səmˈmɛntə səmˈmɛntə
142   Old Spanish semiente seˈmjente
125   Romanian sămânță səˈmɨntsə səˈmɨntsə
159   Gaelic: Scottish sìol ʃiəl̪ˠ
157   Breton: Treger had ˈhaːt ˈhaːd
156   Breton: Gwened had hät
151   Welsh: North hedyn ˈhɛdɨn ˈhedɨn with diminutive/singulative suffix -yn
87   Old Polish nasienie ˈna̠ɕɛɲeː ˈnaɕeɲeː
150   Middle Welsh hil hil
92   Old Czech siemě ˈsʲeːmʲe ˈsjeːmje
96   Old Novgorod sěmę сѣмѧ ˈsʲemʲæ ˈsʲemʲæ
100   Rusyn nas′inɪ́na nɑ̈sʲiˈnɘ̟nɑ̈ nasʲiˈnɪna
81   Macedonian: Suho s′ä̀m′ḁ ˈsʲæmʲɐ ˈsæmæ
82   Macedonian: Visoka s′ä̀m′ḁ ˈsʲæmʲɐ ˈsæmæ
86   Slovene: Kostel seme ˈse̝ːmɛ ˈse̝ːmɛ
84   Slovene: Early Modern ſéme
123   German: Bernese Saame saːmə saːmə
126   Megleno-Romanian simínţă
127   Dalmatian: Vegliote semi̯áu̯r seˈmjawr
119   Old High German sāmo ˈsaːmo ˈsaːmo
120   Middle High German sâme ˈsaːmə ˈsaːmə
111   Old English sǣd sæːd sæːd
115   Middle Dutch saet zaːt zaːt
118   Old Saxon sâd saːd saːd
102   Old Icelandic sáð saːð saːθ
152   Middle Cornish coll. has haːz
153   Late Cornish coll. haze, hâz haːz
145   Portuguese: Brazilian semente
132   Milanese suménsa suˈmensa
References
  • Boryś, W.: 546
    PS *sěmę, sěmene 'seed' is related to Old Prussian semen, Latin sēmen, seminis, Old High German sāmo etc. and derived from PIE *sē-men- < PIE *sē- 'sow'.
  • Derksen, Rick: 446
    S.v. Proto-Slavic *sěmę 'seed', from PIE *seh₁-men- (cf. Lat. sēmen) 'seed').
  • Derksen, Rick: 392
    S.v. Lith. sė́kla 'seed, sperm' and Lith. sė́ti, from PIE *seh₁- 'to sow' (cf. Lat. serere 'sow', Goth. saian 'sow').
  • Deshayes, Albert: 319
    OBr att, MBr., NBr., MW, W had, Corn. has from PCl. *sato-.
  • Fleuriot, Léon: 76
    OBr. att 'seed, grain' with ommission of etymologic initial h-.
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 906-907
    Cf. s.v. OLith. sė́ti 'säen', from which is derived sė́kla (1), sėklà (3) 'Same, Saat' (BSl. cf. Latv. sẽt 'säen',, sȩ̃kla 'Samen, Saat', OCS sěti 'säen', etc.) from PIE *seh₁- 'säen, eindrücken' (cf. Hitt. sai-, si- 'einprägen, sigeln, eindrücken, werfen', Lat. serō, -ere 'säen, anpflanzen', OIr. síl 'Samen, Nachkommenschaft', Goth. saian 'säen', etc.).
  • Kroonen, Guus: 428-430
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *sēda- 'seed' and *sēdi- 'seed', respectively *-to- and *-ti- derivatives from PGmc. *sēan- 'to sow' from PIE *séh₁-e-.
  • Matasović, Ranko: 336
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *sīlo- 'seed, descendants', to be derived from PIE *seh₁- 'sow' (cf. Lat. sēmen 'seed', OEng. sāwan 'sow').
  • Rix, Helmut: 517
    Cf. s.v. *seh₁- 'eindrücken, einsetzen' → 'säen' (IEW 889-90).
  • Schrijver, Peter: 377
    Celtic has two different stems: PIE *seh₁-lo- in W, B, hil, OIr. síl 'seed, offspring'; PIE *sh₁-to- > PCl. satom in W, B had, Corn. has 'seed, grain'
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 557
    S.v. serō 'to plant, sow (seeds)' from a PIE reduplicated present *se-s(é)h₁-; Lat. sēmen < PIE *seh₁-mn̥-.