Cognate Set 303 – Meaning: snow

IE-CoR reference form:
*snei̯gʷʰ-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Tocharian, Balto-Slavic, Germanic, Italic, and Celtic lexemes derived from PIE *snei̯gʷʰ- 'to stick, adhere to' (NIL 622-625 EIEC 530, cf. Adams 2013:689-690, ALEW 951, Derksen 2015:416, Derksen 2008:457, Kroonen 2013460, de Vaan 2008:409-410, Matasović 2009:349, LIV² 573).
Found in clades:
Baltic, Celtic, Germanic, Italic, Slavic, Tocharian
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 6 clades by 73 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
79   Bulgarian snâg сняг snʲɑ̈k snjaɡ
98   Belarusian sneg снег sʲnʲɛx snʲeɣ
141   Catalan neu new new
93   Czech sníh sɲiːx sɲiːɦ
110   Danish sne ˈsneˀ
116   Dutch sneeuw snew
112   English snow snəʊ
117   Flemish sneeuw
136   French neige nɛːʒ nɛʒ
114   Frisian snie sni.ə
122   German Schnee ˈʃneː ˈʃneː
103   Icelandic snjór stnjouːr
161   Gaelic: Irish sneachta ˈʃnʲãxt̪ˠʰə ˈsʲnʲaxˠtˠə
129   Italian neve ˈneːve ˈneve
131   Ladin neif ˈnei̯f
76   Lithuanian sniẽgas ˈsʲnʲɪɛːɡɐs ˈsʲnʲɪɛːɡas
95   Sorbian: Lower sněg sɲɪk sɲɪɡ
94   Sorbian: Upper sněh snʲɪ snɪ
80   Macedonian sneg снег sne̞k sneɡ
88   Polish śnieg ɕɲɛɡ ɕɲeɡ
144   Portuguese neve ˈnɛvɨ ˈnɛvɨ
105   Norwegian: Bokmål snø snøː snøː
97   Russian sneg снег sʲnʲɛk snʲeɡ
134   Sardinian: Logudoro níe ˈniː.ɛ ˈniː.ɛ
83   Serbo-Croat snijeg snjê̞ːɡ snjêːɡ Ekavian variant: 'sneg' /snêːɡ/ [snê̞ːɡ].
91   Slovak sneh sɲɛx sɲeɦ
85   Slovene sneg snéːk snéːɡ
143   Spanish nieve ˈɲjeβe ˈnjebe
109   Swedish snö snøː
99   Ukrainian snìg сніг snʲiʕ sniɦ
137   Walloon nîvaye niːˈvaj niːˈvaj
78   Old Church Slavonic sněgŭ снѣгъ snæɡʊ̆ snæɡʊ
77   Old Prussian snaygis Gr sneko, schneko
74   Latvian sniegs sniɛks sniɛks
121   Luxembourgish Schnéi ʃnɜɪ ʃnɜɪ
159   Gaelic: Scottish sneachd ʃn̪ʲɛxɡ
124   Latin nix niks niks G.sg. niuis
130   Friulian nêf ˈneːf ˈneːf
158   Old Irish snechtae ˈsʲnʲɛxˠt̪ˠɛ ˈsʲnʲexte
107   Elfdalian sniųo snɪʉ̃ə̃ snɪʉ̃ə̃
108   Old Swedish snior snjoːr snjoːr
90   Polabian sneg snɛɡ snɛɡ
89   Kashubian sniég sɲɘ̟k sɲɘɡ
4   Tocharian B śiñce* ˈɕiɲtɕe ɕəjntɕe Attested only in the derived adjective śiñcatstse.
75   Latgalian snīgs snʲiːks snʲiːɡs
128   Neapolitan neve ˈnevə ˈnevə
133   Sardinian: Nuoro níe ˈniː.ɛ ˈniː.ɛ
135   Anglo-Norman neif
139   Franco-Provençal nai ˈnæĭ ˈna͡i
142   Old Spanish nieve ˈnjeβe
160   Gaelic: Manx sniaghtey ˈsnʲaxtə ˈsnʲaxtə sneachta
87   Old Polish śnieg, śnig ɕɲeːɡ/k ɕɲeːɡ
92   Old Czech snieh ˈsɲeːɣ ˈsnjeːɣ
100   Rusyn s′n′iɣ sʲ(nʲ/ɲ)iɣ̥ snʲiɣ
81   Macedonian: Suho sn′ä̀k snʲæk snæɡ
82   Macedonian: Visoka sn′ä̀k snʲæk snæɡ
86   Slovene: Kostel sneg sne̝ːk sne̝ːɡ
84   Slovene: Early Modern ſnég
123   German: Bernese Schnee ʃnɛː ʃnɛː
138   Old Occitan neou
140   Old Catalan neu new new
127   Dalmatian: Vegliote nai̯ naj
119   Old High German snio snio̯ snio̯
120   Middle High German snê sneː sneː
111   Old English snāw snɑːw snɑːw
118   Old Saxon snêo ˈsneː.o ˈsneː.o
115   Middle Dutch snee sneː sneː
102   Old Icelandic snjár snjaːr snjaːr
101   Gothic snaiws 𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍃 snɛːws snɛːws
126   Megleno-Romanian ne̯áu̯ă
106   Norwegian: Nynorsk snø snøː snøː
145   Portuguese: Brazilian neve
132   Milanese néf nef
References
  • Adams, Douglas Q.: 689-690
    Cf. s.v. TochB śiñcatstse* 'snowy', a derivative of the unattested noun *śiñce 'snow'. Possibly from PIE *snigʷʰ-en- (cf. Pkt. siṇeha- 'snow', Av. snēža- 'to snow', Gk. νίφα (acc.) 'snow', νείφει 'it snows', Lat. nix, nivis 'snow', OIr. snigid 'it drips, rains', Goth. snaiws 'snow', OEng. snāw [> Engl. snow], OHG snīwan 'to snow', Lith. sniẽgas 'snow', OCS sněgъ 'snow'). N.sg. *snigʷʰēn would give PToch *ṣñäćśe > *ṣn̥će. Less likely, Van Windekens proposes from *k̑u̯indeto-, comparing Skt. śvind- 'be white'.
  • Derksen, Rick: 457
    S.v. Proto-Slavic *sněgъ 'snow', from PIE *snoi̯gʷʰ-o- (cf. Lith. sniẽgas, Latv. snìegs, OPr. snaygis, Goth. snaiws).
  • Derksen, Rick: 416
    S.v. Lith. sniẽgas 'snow' (Latv. snìegs 'snow', OPr. snaygis 'snow'), from PIE *snoi̯gʷʰ-o- (cf. OCS sněgъ 'snow', Goth. snaiws 'snow').
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 951
    S.v. OLith. sniẽgas 'Schnee' (BSl. Latv. snìegs 'Schnee', OPr. snaygis 'Schnee', OCS sněgъ 'Schnee', etc.), from PIE *snoi̯gʷʰo- 'Schnee' (cf. Goth. snaiws 'id.', etc.).
  • Kroonen, Guus: 460
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *snaiwa- 'snow', from PIE *snoigʷʰ-o- (cf. OCS sněgъ, Lith. sniẽgas, Latv. snìegs 'snow' < *snoigʷʰ-o-; Lat. nix, nivis 'snow' < *snigʷʰ-).
  • Mallory, James P.: 530
    S.v. SNOW, under *snigʷʰ-s, *snoi̯gʷʰ-os 'snow', to which TochB śiñcatstse 'snowy' from implied *śiñce 'snow' < *snigʷʰi- or *snigʷʰen-).
  • Matasović, Ranko: 349
    Cf. s.v. Proto-Celtic *snigʷ-(y)o- 'snow' (vb.), from PIE *snei̯gʷʰ- 'snow'. OIr. snechtae 'snow' (n.), etc. is a derived noun.
  • Rix, Helmut: 573
    Cf. s.v. *snei̯gʷʰ- 'kleben bleiben' (IEW 974).
  • Scarborough, Matthew:
    On the TochB form *śiñce, this form is usually derived to *snigʷʰ-en- (cf. [NIL](src-274), [EIEC](src-657), [Adams 2013](src-345)), but cf. Adams (2013) for other proposals for the Tocharian stem formation.
  • Wodtko, Dagmar S. and Irslinger, Britta and Schneider, Carolin: 622-625
    S.v. *snei̯gʷʰ- 'kleben bleiben' (LIV 573, IEW 974).
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 409-410
    S.v. ningit, -ere 'it snows', to which nix, nivis 'snow' is a derivative. The noun nix, nivi- is from PIE *sn(e)igʷʰ- 'snow'.