Cognate Set 7319 – Meaning: come

IE-CoR reference form:
*gʷem-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Tocharian, Indo-Iranic, Germanic, and Italic lexemes derived from PIE *gʷem- 'to go, come' (LIV² 209-210, cf. Adams 2013:170-171, EWAia I:465-466, Cheung 2007:98-101, Seebold 1970:315-317, Kroonen 2013:316, de Vaan 2008:661, Meyer-Lübke 1935}:767 no. 9200).
Found in clades:
Germanic, Indic, Iranic, Italic, Nuristani, Tocharian
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 6 clades by 65 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
141   Catalan venir bəˈni bəˈni
110   Danish komme ˈkʌmə
116   Dutch komen ˈkomə(n)
112   English come kʌm Middle English comen, Old English cuman
104   Faroese koma ˈkʰoːma
117   Flemish komen
136   French venir vəniːʁ vəniʁ
114   Frisian komme ˈkomə More like 'come in'?
122   German kommen ˈkʰɔmn̩ ˈkɔmən
103   Icelandic koma ˈkʰɔːma
129   Italian venire veˈniːɾe veˈnire
131   Ladin vegnì veˈɲi
144   Portuguese vir viɾ viɾ
105   Norwegian: Bokmål komme ˈkɔ̀mːə ˈkɔ̀mːɛ
134   Sardinian: Logudoro bénnere ˈbɛnnɛrɛ ˈbɛnnɛrɛ
133   Sardinian: Nuoro bénnere ˈbɛnnɛrɛ ˈbɛnnɛrɛ
143   Spanish venir beˈniɾ beˈniɾ
109   Swedish komma ˈkɔ̀mːa
137   Walloon v'ni vni vni vini after consonant
124   Latin uenīre weˈniːre weˈniːre ueniō, uenīre, uēnī, uentum
121   Luxembourgish kommen ˈkomən ˈkomən
3   Tocharian A kumnäṣ kumnɨʂ kum-nʂ-ʂ (kʷm-nʂ-ʂ) Root kum- (kʷm-), pres. stem /kum-nṣ/nsa-/ (/kʷm-nṣ/nsa-/).
4   Tocharian B känmaṣṣäṃ kɨnˈməʂʂɨ̃ kəm-ˈnəʂʂ-ə-n Root /kəm-/, pres. stem /kəm-nəṣṣ-ə-/ ~ /kəm-nəsk-e-/.
21   Vedic: Early gam- गम्- ɡɐm- ɡam- root
130   Friulian vignî viˈɲi viˈɲiː Inf. pres., ind. pres. 3sg. ven.
46   Avestan: Younger jasaiti 𐬘𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 d͜ʒasati more fequent than ā+i- (the preverb ā is not obligatory for the meaning "come")
107   Elfdalian kumå ˈkʉ̀mɔ ˈkʉ̀mɔ
108   Old Swedish koma ˈkoma koma
22   Pali āgacchati aː-ɡɐttɕʰɐtɪ aː-ɡattɕʰati
147   Umbrian benust Native script: menes (2.sg.fut., Ib 15), benus (2./3.sg.fut., IIb 16), benurent (3.pl.fut., Va 25, 28, Vb 5). Latin script: benust (3.sg.fut., VIb 53), benurent (3.pl.fut. VIb 57), benuso (interpetation, VIb 64, 65, VIIa 2).
29   Hindi ānā आना ɑnɑ ɑnɑ
31   Nepali āunu आउनु aunu
30   Urdu ānā آنا ɑnɑ
26   Maithili ānā आना ɑnɑ
27   Magahi ānā आना ɑnɑ
28   Bhojpuri ā आ ɑ
146   Oscan kúmbened Native script: kúmbened (3.sg.pf. CA A 10), with preverb com- lexeme 28434 (= Lat. conuēnit). Latin script: cebnust (3.sg.fut., TB 20), with preverb ce-. Cf. Native Script kúmbennieís 'decision-making body of the city, assembly' (gen.sg., Po 3,4,14) a deverbal noun *kom-ben-i̯o-m from this verb *kom-ben-i̯o- 'come together' (as attested in context as kúmbened 'it came to an agreement').
125   Romanian veni a veˈni veˈni
128   Neapolitan venì vəˈni vəˈni
135   Anglo-Norman venir
139   Franco-Provençal vni vˈnʲi vˈni
142   Old Spanish venir beˈniɾ
123   German: Bernese cho xɔː xɔː
32   Punjabi āuṇā ਆਉਣਾ
138   Old Occitan venir alternate spellings: ,viener, venguer
140   Old Catalan venir bəˈni bəˈni
126   Megleno-Romanian viníri
68   Bakhtiari oveydak ʔoʋejð̞ak oʋejdak
127   Dalmatian: Vegliote venár veˈnar
119   Old High German kuueman ˈkweman ˈkweman
113   Old Frisian kuma kuma kuma
120   Middle High German komen ˈkomən ˈkomən
111   Old English cuman ˈkumɑn ˈkumɑn
118   Old Saxon kuman ˈkuman ˈkuman
115   Middle Dutch comen ˈkoːmən ˈkoːmən
102   Old Icelandic koma ˈkoma ˈkoma
101   Gothic qiman 𐌵𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌽 ˈkwiman ˈkwiman
38   Khowar gik گیک ɡiˑk ɡik
106   Norwegian: Nynorsk kome ˈkoːmə ˈkoːmɛ
145   Portuguese: Brazilian vir
45   Vâsi-vari: Paṣki -âć- -ać- -ats- -ats-
40   Kamviri ′âća- ˈatsɨ ˈatsɨ-
41   Kâta-vari: Eastern ′âća- ′acə- ˈatsɨ- ˈatsɨ-
42   Kâta-vari: Ktivi ′âće- ˈatsɛ̠- ˈatsɛ̠-
132   Milanese vignì viˈŋi
References
  • Adams, Douglas Q.: 170-171
    S.v. TochB käm- 'come', which with TochA kum- reflects Proto-Tocharian *k(w)äm-, from PIE *gʷem- 'come, go' (cf. Skt. gácchati 'goes', Av. jasaiti 'id.', Gk. βαίνω 'go', Lat. veniō 'come', Goth. qiman 'come', Lith. gemù 'be born', etc.).
  • Cheung, Johnny: 98-101
    S.v. Proto-Iranian *gam-¹ 'to come', from PIE *gʷem- (cf. Ved. gam- 'to move, to go, to come').
  • Kroonen, Guus: 316
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *kweman- ~ *kuman- 'to come', from PIE *gʷ(é)m-e- (cf. Skt. gácchati, Av. jasaiti, Gk. βάσκω < *gʷm̥-sk̑e-; Gk. βαίνω, Lat. veniō < *gʷm-ie-, etc.).
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:465-466
    S.v. Ved. √gam- 'sich bewegen, gehen, kommen' (cf. OAv. ǰamaitī, ǰimaitī, YAv. gata-), from PIE *gʷem- (cf. Gk. βαίνω, Lat. veniō, Goth. qiman, etc.).
  • Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm: 767
    Cf. s.v. 9200 Lat. venīre 'kommen'.
  • Rix, Helmut: 209-210
    S.v. *gʷem- '(wohin) gehen, kommen' (IEW 464-465).
  • Seebold, Elmar: 315-317
    S.v. Gmc. *kwem-a- 'kommen'.
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 661
    S.v. Lat. veniō, -īre 'to come', from PIE *gʷm̥-i̯é-.