Cognate Set 8233 – Meaning: root

IE-CoR reference form:
?*u̯reh₂d-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
The cognacy of the Hellenic, Germanic, Italic, Celtic, and Albanian lexemes in this set is generally agreed, but the precise root reconstruction is disputed, cf. Beekes 2010:1271, 1285, Vine 1999:5-30, Demiraj 1997:350-351, Orel 1998:384, Holm 2011:76, Kroonen 2013:601, de Vaan 2008:512, Matasović 2009:430).
Found in clades:
Albanian, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Italic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 5 clades by 67 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
140   Catalan arrel əˈrɛɫ əˈrɛl
108   Danish rod ˈʁoˀð
114   Dutch wortel ˈwɔrtəl
102   Faroese rót ɹɔuːt
115   Flemish wortel
135   French racine ʁasin ʁasin
112   Frisian woartel ˈwatəl
120   German Wurzel ˈvʊɐtsl̩ ˈvʊʁtsəl
8   Greek: Modern Std ríza ρίζα ˈriza ˈriza
101   Icelandic rót rouːt
160   Gaelic: Irish fréamh ˈfʲɹ̝̥ẽːvˠ ˈfʲrʲeːṽ
127   Italian radice raˈdiːtʃe raˈditʃe
143   Portuguese raiz ɾɐˈiʃ ɾɐˈiʃ
103   Norwegian: Bokmål rot ɾuːt ruːt
132   Sardinian: Logudoro raichina rajˈɣiːna rajˈɣiːna
131   Sardinian: Nuoro arrecina ˌarrɛˈʒiːna ˌarrɛˈʒiːna
142   Spanish raíz raˈiθ raˈiθ
107   Swedish rot ruːt
136   Walloon rècène rɛˈsɛn rɛˈsɛn
158   Gaelic: Scottish freumh frʲiəv
122   Latin rādix ˈraːdiks ˈraːdiks G.sg. rādīcis
129   Ladin raisc raˈiʃ
119   Luxembourgish Wuerzel ˈvuətsəl ˈvuətsəl
6   Greek: Ancient rhíza ῥίζα rízda rízda G.sg. ῥίζης.
157   Old Irish frén ˈɸʲrʲeːnˠ ˈɸʲrʲeːn frém soon becomes more common
128   Friulian lidrîs liˈdriːs liˈdriːs
159   Gaelic: Manx fraue freu freu fréamh
153   Old Breton ureid
105   Elfdalian ruot rʉːət rʉːət
106   Old Swedish rot roːt roːt
5   Greek: Mycenaean wi-ri-za 𐀹𐀪𐀼 u̯rídza u̯rídza N.sg. in KN Od 2026.1. See DMic. for full range of attestations.
154   Middle Breton gruizyenn, gruyzyenn, gruyzienn, grizyenn, grizyen ˈɡwriðjen
7   Greek: New Testament rhíza ῥίζα ˈriza ˈriza
11   Greek: Cypriot ríza ρίζα ˈrizːɐ ˈrizɐ
9   Greek: Cappadocian tīríza τηρίζα tiˈriza tiˈriza < determiner + ρίζα
10   Greek: Pontic ríza, rizí(n) ρίζα, ριζί(ν) ˈrizə, riˈzi(n) ˈriza, riˈzi(n)
12   Greek: Italiot rítza ρίτζα ˈridza ˈridza It.
123   Romanian rădăcină ɾədəˈtʃinə rədəˈtʃinə
126   Neapolitan rareca ˈraɾəkə ˈrarəkə
133   Old French racine
134   Anglo-Norman racine
138   Franco-Provençal rasnà rasˈna rasˈna
141   Old Spanish raíz ra.ˈidz
156   Breton: Treger gwriżienn ˈɡwɹijën, ˈɡwɹijo ˈɡwrijën, ˈɡwrijo sg, gwrizioù pl
155   Breton: Gwened gourienn, gouriad ɡuɾjɛ̝n sɡ, ɡuɾjat pl gourienn is the singular, gouriad the plural
150   Welsh: North gwreiddyn ˈɡwrɜiðɨn ˈɡwreiðɨn with diminutive/singulative suffix -yn
149   Middle Welsh gwreid ɡwreið
121   German: Bernese Wurzle ʋ̥ʊːrtslə ʋ̥ʊːrtslə
16   Albanian: Gheg rranjë Also 'oak'. From PAlb *wradnjā etymologically connected with Gk ραδιξ 'branch', Lat radix, Welsh gwraidd etc., all with same meaning.
17   Albanian: Standard rrënjë Orel gives also rranjë. Also 'oak'. < Pr. Alb. *wradnjā etymologically connected with Gk ραδις 'branch, id.', Lat rādīx 'root', Wel grwraidd etc.
137   Old Occitan racina
18   Albanian: Arbëresh rranjët ˈrːaːɲət
139   Old Catalan raïu, raïl rəˈiw, rəˈiɫ rəˈiw, rəˈiɫ rel from the 15th century onwards
125   Dalmatian: Vegliote radai̯ka raˈdajka
117   Old High German uurzala ˈwurtsala ˈwurtsala
111   Old Frisian wirtele ˈwirtele ˈwirtele
118   Middle High German wurzel ˈwurtsəl ˈwurtsəl
109   Old English wyrttruma ˈwyrtˌtrumɑ ˈwyrtˌtrumɑ
116   Old Saxon uuurt wurt wurt
113   Middle Dutch wortele ˈwortələ ˈwortələ
100   Old Icelandic rót roːt roːt
99   Gothic waurts 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐍃 wɔrts wɔrts
151   Middle Cornish gwreythen ˈɡwreːðən
152   Late Cornish guredhan ˈɡreðən
104   Norwegian: Nynorsk rot ʁuːt ʁuːt
144   Portuguese: Brazilian raiz
130   Milanese radìs raˈdis
References
  • Beekes, Robert: 1271, 1285
    S.v. ῥίζα 'root'. Beekes is not convinced that the words are inherited, but cf. Vine (1999) who attempts a regular solution to the problem as a zero-grade formation through schwa secundum. Cf. s.v. ῥᾱ́διξ 'branch, twig', which forms a much closer etymological match to Lat. rādix 'root', Goth. waurts, etc. < *u̯reh₂d-.
  • Demiraj, Bardhyl: 350-351
    S.v. Alb. rrënj/ë, -a 'Wurzel, Stück (bei Baumzählung), Stein-, Stieleiche, Quercus, Quercus robur, etc.'. Without doubt from the same origin as Lat. rādix 'Wurzel', Goth. waurts 'ds.'.
  • Holm, Hans J.: 76
    From PIE *u̯h₁reh₂d- > urh₂d-(nieh₂) > radniā (cf. IEW 1167).
  • Kroonen, Guus: 601
    Cf. s.v. Proto-Germanic *wurti- '(medicinal) root, herb'.
  • Matasović, Ranko: 430
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *wridā 'root', from PIE *u̯re(h₂)d- 'root' (IEW 1167).
  • Orel, Vladimir: 384
    S.v. Alb. rrënjë ~ rranjë 'root; oak', from PAlb. wradnjā and etymologically connected with Gk. ῥάδιξ 'branch', Lat. rādix 'root', W. gwraidd, etc.
  • Versloot, Arjen:
    The phonology of the Frisian is influenced by Dutch wortel. The form wurtel is dialectal and continues rather the original Frisian form
  • Vine, Brent: 5-30
    Cf. for the stem-formation of Gk. ῥίζα within this root class.
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 512
    S.v. Lat. rādix 'root' < Proto-Italic wrād-i- (cf. W. gwraidd 'roots', Gk. ῥάδιξ 'branch, twig', Goth. waurts, Alb. rrëzë 'root' < all from forms of PIE *ur(e)h₂-d-iH- ‘root’.