Cognate Set 8378 – Meaning: bird

IE-CoR reference form:
*pet-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Armenian, Albanian, Italic, and Celtic lexemes derived to PIE *pet- 'to fly, fall' (Martirosyan 2010:286-287, Meyer 1891:413, Huld 1984:154, Orel 1998:315, 429, de Vaan 2008, Schrijver 1991:212, 495, Meyer-Lübke 1935:516 no.6268, DCECH IV:342-343, Matasović 2009:126, 129).
Found in clades:
Albanian, Armenian, Celtic, Italic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 4 clades by 23 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
161   Gaelic: Irish éan ˈeːnˠ ˈeːnˠ
159   Gaelic: Scottish eun ian
158   Old Irish én ˈeːnˠ ˈeːn
148   Gaulish etno- Attested in a theonym Etnosus, but assumed to contain the basic Gaulish word in this sense.
143   Spanish pájaro ˈpaxaɾo ˈpaxaɾo
154   Old Breton etn
155   Middle Breton ezn, ezen, ezenn ˈeðn Middle Breton ezn is attested only twice, in the Catholicon (1499, lexicographical source) and in the Mirouer de la mort, a religious poem coposed in 1519.
144   Portuguese pássaro ˈpasɐɾu ˈpasɐɾu Default word for small bird
18   Albanian: Gheg shpend Also shpes(ë), shpezë.< *su-petno-t- (Huld, 1984: 154, in Kortlandt 1987).Alternatively, to pendë 'feather' < Lat. pinna, penna 'id.'. (Orel 429).
142   Old Spanish paxaro ˈpaʃaɾo
125   Romanian pasăre ˈpasəɾe ˈpasəre fr. Lat.: passer 'sparrow' (Buck)
157   Breton: Treger evn ˈɛ̃õn ˈɛ̃õn
151   Welsh: North (a)deryn (a)ˈdɛrɨn (a)ˈderɨn standard 'aderyn'; with diminutive/singulative suffix -yn
150   Middle Welsh edn edn collect.
150   Middle Welsh adar adar
149   Old Welsh atar adar collect. sg. eterinn
127   Dalmatian: Vegliote paserái̯n paseˈrajn Defined by Cubich as «ogni sorta uccelli», it is a diminutive form < Lat. passer. An alternative lexeme učá/učél/učúl, while predominant, is a loanword (It. uccello).
152   Middle Cornish ethen ˈeðən
153   Late Cornish ethen ˈeðən
15   Armenian: Classical tʿṙčʿown թռչուն tʰərˈtʃʰun tʰir-tʃʰ-un-ɔ- Traditionally pronounced [tʰərˈtʃʰun]. Martirosyan derives թիռ- tʿiṙ- 'to fly' lexeme 1817 from PIE *pter- (in turn cognate with cognate set 700) and eventually *pet- 'to fly' cognate set 1486, see also cognate set 608.
16   Armenian: Eastern tʿṙčʿown թռչուն tʰərˈtʃʰun tʰir-tʃʰ-un
17   Armenian: Western tʿṙčʿown թռչուն tʰərˈtʃʰun tʰir-tʃʰ-un
145   Portuguese: Brazilian pássaro
References
  • Corominas, Joan and Pascual, José A.: IV:342-343
    S.v. Sp. pájaro, from old pássaro which is from vulgar Latin passar 'id.', cf. Classical Latin passer, -ĕris 'gorrión'.
  • Huld, Martin E.: 154
    Alb. shpend 'bird' < *sV-pétno+to-.
  • Kortlandt, Frederik: 221
    The Albanian word originates from *su-petno-t- ([Huld 1984](src-571):154)
  • Kümmel, Martin Joachim:
    Now s.v. *pet-, merging earlier *peth₁- and *peth₂- in the published version of LIV².
  • Martirosyan, Hrach: 286-287
    Cf. s.v. Arm. *tʻiṙ- 'to fly', derived from the same root as *tʻer 'leaf, etc.' < PIE *pter-, probably a derivative of PIE *pet- 'to fly' (cf. Gk. πτερόν 'feather', πτέρυξ 'wing of a bird', πέτομαι 'to fly', etc').
  • Matasović, Ranko: 126, 129
    Cf. s.v. Proto-Celtic *fet-no- 'bird', derived from PIE *pet- 'fly'. The thematic stem *fetno- is presumably generalised from the heteroclitic stem *fatar (gen. *fetnos). Cf. also s.v. Proto-Celtic *fatar / gen. *fatanos, *fetnos 'wing, bird' (to which may be compared Hitt. pattar, Skt. pátra-, Gk. πτερόν, Lat. penna).
  • Meyer, Gustav: 413
    S.v. Alb. špesε f. špes m. 'Vogel' (geg. špent-di-, špen). There is no direct connection to the loanword pendε. Rather, the word is to be derived from š-pen and pen is comparable to OIr. en, W. etn 'bird', from *petn-.
  • Orel, Vladimir: 315, 429
    S.v. Alb. shpend 'bird'. Orel regards Alb. shpend 'bird' a derivative of pendë 'feather; pair of oxen', which (cf. s.v.) he in turn regards a borrowing from Lat. pinna, penna. Alternatively cf. Meyer (1891:413) who regards as a prefixal derivative of *pet-no-.
  • Rix, Helmut: 476
    Cf. s.v. *peth₂- 'fliegen' (IEW 825-6). See now in LIV² Addenda and Corrigenda that the roots *peth₁- and *peth₂- are collapsed into *pet-.
  • Schrijver, Peter: 212, 495
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 449
    S.v. Lat. passer 'small bird', from Proto-Italic *pattro-, via PIE *p(e)t-tro- 'who flies, bird' (so [Schrijver 1991](src-679):212, 495). "Schrijver proposes *pttro- 'bird' > *pattro- > nom.sg. *passros, gen.sg. *passrī > *passr̥s, *pazrī > *passer, *pārī. This paradigm would have been skewed, yielding two nouns: passer 'sparrow' and pārus 'tit'. It must be remarked that the expected meaning of a form *pt-tro- would rather be instrument for flying, wing' vel sim."