Cognate Set 223 – Meaning: flower

IE-CoR reference form:
*bʰleh₃-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Germanic, Italic, and Celtic lexemes continuing different derivatives from PIE *bʰleh₃- 'to bloom' (Kroonen 2013:70, de Vaan 2008:227-228, Matasović 2009:67-68, cf. LIV² 88).
Found in clades:
Celtic, Germanic, Italic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 3 clades by 53 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
140   Catalan flor flɔ flɔ
108   Danish blomst ˈblʌmˀsd
114   Dutch bloem blum
102   Faroese blóma ˈb̥lɔuːma
115   Flemish bloem
135   French fleur flœːʁ flœʁ
112   Frisian blom blom
120   German Blume ˈbluːmə ˈbluːmə
101   Icelandic blóm b̥louːm
160   Gaelic: Irish bláth ˈbˠlˠɑːh ˈbˠlˠaːhˠ
127   Italian fiore ˈfjoːɾe ˈfjore
143   Portuguese flor floɾ floɾ
103   Norwegian: Bokmål blomst blɔmst blɔmst
132   Sardinian: Logudoro flóre ˈvlɔːrɛ ˈflɔːrɛ
131   Sardinian: Nuoro frore ˈfroːrɛ ˈfroːrɛ
142   Spanish flor floɾ floɾ
136   Walloon fleûr fløːʁ fløːʁ
122   Latin flōs fɫoːs floːs gen. flōris.
119   Luxembourgish Blumm blum blum
128   Friulian flôr ˈfloːr ˈfloːr
157   Old Irish bláth ˈbˠlˠaːθˠ ˈblaːθ
145   Oscan fluus-* Attested in derived form (native script) fluusaí (dat.sg.) '(the goddess) Flora' (Po 20, TA A 24)
147   Gaulish blato- Attested in names.
105   Elfdalian bljåmme bljɔ̀mːɛ bljɔ̀mːɛ
107   Swedish blomma ˈblʊ̀mːa
106   Old Swedish blomster ˈblomster blomster
154   Middle Breton bleuzuenn ˈbløðven Singulative of blezu, bleuzf, bleuzff
123   Romanian floare ˈflo̯aɾe ˈflo̯are
133   Old French flor
134   Anglo-Norman flur
138   Franco-Provençal flôh ˈflox ˈflox
141   Old Spanish flor floɾ
126   Neapolitan sciore ˈʃoɾə ˈʃorə
155   Breton: Gwened blëw, blëwenn bləɥ, bləɥɛn blëw is the collective, blëwenn the singulative
156   Breton: Treger bleuñv ˈblœ̃ː, ˈblœ̃ːën ˈblœ̃ː, ˈblœ̃-ën
150   Welsh: North blodyn ˈblɔdɨn ˈblodɨn with diminutive/singulative suffix -yn
159   Gaelic: Manx blaa blɛː blɛː bláth
149   Middle Welsh blodeuyn blodein
121   German: Bernese Blueme b̥lʊəmə b̥lʊəmə
137   Old Occitan flor also: flour
124   Megleno-Romanian flo̯ári
139   Old Catalan flor flɔ flɔ
117   Old High German bluoma ˈbluo̯ma ˈbluo̯ma
118   Middle High German bluome ˈbluə̯mə ˈbluə̯mə
109   Old English blōstma ˈbloːstmɑ ˈbloːstmɑ
116   Old Saxon blômo ˈbloːmo ˈbloːmo
113   Middle Dutch bloeme ˈbluə̯mə ˈbluə̯mə
100   Old Icelandic blóm bloːm bloːm
99   Gothic bloma 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌼𐌰 ˈbloːma ˈbloːma
152   Late Cornish bledzhan ˈbledʒən
104   Norwegian: Nynorsk blome ˈbluːmə ˈbluːmɛ
144   Portuguese: Brazilian flor
130   Milanese fiũ fjuː
References
  • Kroonen, Guus: 70
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *blōman- 'flower', as if from PIE *bleh₃-mon-.
  • Matasović, Ranko: 67-68
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *blātu- 'flower', which may be derived from either *bʰleh₃-tu- or *bʰlh₃-tu-, an abstract nominal derivative 'blossoming'.
  • Rix, Helmut: 88
    Cf. s.v. *bʰleh₃- 'blühen' (IEW 122).
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 227-228
    S.v. Lat. flōs, -ris 'flower'. The Italic cognates reflect PIE *bʰleh₃-ōs- 'blossoming' > 'flower'.