Cognate Set 2457 – Meaning: horn

IE-CoR reference form:
*k̑er-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Anatolian, Tocharian, Hellenic, Indo-Iranic, Germanic, Italic, and Celtic lexemes derived from a basic PIE root *k̑er- (cf. Nussbaum 1986 for extensive discussion of formations in the meaning 'head' and 'horn' derived from this root). Cf. also Kloekhorst 2008:456-457, Adams 2013:235 but cf. [Hilmarsson 1996:182 deriving to *gʰreh₁-u̯r̥], Beekes 2010:676-677, EWAia II:653, Kroonen 2013:259, de Vaan 2008:136-137, Matasović 2009:190-191).
Found in clades:
Anatolian, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Indic, Iranic, Italic, Nuristani, Tocharian
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 9 clades by 95 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
1   Hittite karāu̯ar / karaun- ka-ra-a-u̯a-ar / ka-ra-ú-ni Oblique ka-ra-ú-ni is dat.-loc.sg.
3   Tocharian A kror kror kror Cf. Toch. B krorīya*. Generally taken from the family of *k̂rh₂sn- 'horn', but Hilmarsson (1985) compares Toch. B krorīya with Arm. ełǰiwr < PIE *g̑ʰréh₁-u̯r̥.
4   Tocharian B krorīya* kroˈrijə kroˈrəja Attested in acc. krorīyai; cf. Toch. A kror 'crescent'. Generally taken from the family of *k̂rh₂sn- 'horn', but Hilmarsson (1985) compares Arm. ełǰiwr < PIE *g̑ʰréh₁-u̯r̥.
6   Greek: Ancient kéras κέρας ké̞ras ké̞ras Att. G.sg. κέρως < *κέρα-ος.
121   Luxembourgish Har haːχ haːχ rather used in plural Haren, (both) horns
124   Latin cornū ˈkornuː ˈkornuː G.sg. cornūs
21   Vedic: Early śŕ̥ṅgam शृण्गम् ˈɕɾŋɡɐm ɕɾnɡam
26   Maithili siṅdh सिंघ sɪ̃ɡʱ
30   Urdu sīng سینگ siŋɡ
34   Kashmiri hiŋ ہنگ hẽŋ heŋ
25   Bengali śiṁ শিং ʃiŋ
29   Hindi sīṅga सींग siŋɡ siŋɡ
33   Marathi śinga शिंग ʃiŋɡ
23   Sinhalese an̆ga අඟ singa
116   Dutch hoorn horn
110   Danish horn ˈhoɐ̯ˀn
109   Swedish horn huːɳ
122   German Horn ˈhɔɐn ˈhɔʁn
143   Spanish cuerno ˈkwɛɾno ˈkweɾno
136   French corne kɔʁn kɔʁn
129   Italian corno ˈkɔrno ˈkɔrno
8   Greek: Modern Std kérato κέρατο ˈce̞rato̞ ˈke̞rato̞
130   Friulian cuar ˈkwaːr ˈkwar Deriv. cuarnat.
103   Icelandic horn hɔrd̥n
112   English horn hɔːn
148   Gaulish carnon
46   Avestan: Younger srū 𐬯𐬭𐬏 sruː also means "nail"
154   Old Breton carn
149   Old Welsh corn korn in geogr. sense in LL: 78.
107   Elfdalian uonn ʉənː ʉənː
13   Tsakonian: Peloponnese tséra(te) τσέρα(τε) ˈtse̞ra(te̞) ˈtse̞ra(te̞)
104   Faroese horn hɔd̥n
108   Old Swedish horn horn horn
105   Norwegian: Bokmål horn huːɳ huːrn
2   Luvian *zaruu̯ar / *zarun- za-ar-u̯a-ni-i̯a-ti (CL), su+ra/i-sa (HL) HL suran-. Cognate with Hitt. karāu̯ar / karaun-. As a proper noun, CL attests the abl.-instr. with Sumerogram SI-na-ti. The genitival adjective za-ar-u̯a-ni-i̯a-ti allows a stem form *zaruu̯ar / *zarun- to be reconstructed. HL attests suran- 'horn' "CORNU+RA/I" su+ra/i-sa (nom.-acc.sg.).
27   Magahi siṅg सींग sĩɡ
22   Pali singaṁ singa sɪŋɡɐ̃ sinɡam
155   Middle Breton corn, cornn ˈkorn
5   Greek: Mycenaean ke-ra 𐀐𐀨 kéras kéras Noun attested in KN Ra 984.2, probably in plural ke-ra-a in KN K 872.1. Generally equated with Ancient Greek κέρας 'horn'. See DMic. for full range of attestations.
49   Khotanese ṣū ʂuː ʂuː Pl. ṣve
7   Greek: New Testament kéras κέρας ˈke̞ras ˈke̞ras
66   Middle Persian srūy srwy sɾuːj sruːj ZP slwb'
14   Tsakonian: Propontis tsérate τσέρατε ˈtse̞rate̞ ˈtse̞rate̞
11   Greek: Cypriot tžératon τζ̆έρατον ˈtʃɛrɐtɔn ˈtʃɛrɐtɔn Alternative form: τζ̆έρρατον.
10   Greek: Pontic kérato(n) κέρατο(ν) ˈce̞rato̞(n) ˈke̞rato̞(n)
9   Greek: Cappadocian kérato κέρατο ˈcerato ˈkerato
12   Greek: Italiot tšérato τσ̌έρατο ˈtʃe̞rato̞ ˈtʃe̞rato̞ It.
117   Flemish hoorn
125   Romanian corn koɾn korn
128   Neapolitan cuorno ˈkwornə ˈkwornə
131   Ladin corn ˈkorn
133   Sardinian: Nuoro corru ˈkorru ˈkorru
134   Sardinian: Logudoro corru ˈkorru ˈkorru
135   Anglo-Norman corn
137   Walloon cwène ku̯ɛn ku̯ɛn
139   Franco-Provençal kourna ˈkurnɐ ˈkurna
142   Old Spanish cuerno ˈkweɾno
157   Breton: Treger korn ˈkɔɹn ˈkɔrn
156   Breton: Gwened korn kʷɔɾn
151   Welsh: North corn kɔrn korn
72   Ossetic: Iron syk'a сыкъа ʃɘˈkʼɑ ʃəkʼa
73   Ossetic: Digor siwæ сиуӕ ʃiwɜ ʃiwɜ
28   Bhojpuri sīṅgh सींघ sĩɡʱ
31   Nepali siṅga सिंग siɳɡ
35   Palula ṣing ݜِنگ ʂiŋɡ ʂinɡ
150   Middle Welsh corn korn
51   Wakhi ṣ̌əw ʂəw
114   Frisian hoarne ˈwanə
123   German: Bernese Horn hɔːrn hɔːrn
48   Sogdian sarē sry sareː only attested in a transferred sense ('horns' of the moon, 'horn' of salvation)
24   Assamese xiṁ শিং xiŋ
32   Punjabi siⁿg ਸਿੰਗ
138   Old Occitan corna
126   Megleno-Romanian córnu
37   Gawarbati šing شِنگ ɕĩŋɡ ɕinɡ GM ṣiŋ
38   Khowar srung سُرونگ sɾ̥uŋk sɾunɡ
47   Khwarazmian šū šw ʃuː
36   Gawri ṣiŋ ݭِنگ ʂĩŋ̥ ʂiŋ H
50   Pashto khkar ښکر xkər xkər the Wanetsi form šukˈar suggests a derivation from *sru-, however the second element kǝr has not been explained (Morgenstierne 2003: 98)
127   Dalmatian: Vegliote ku̯arn kwarn
119   Old High German horn horn horn
52   Sarikoli khew xew
113   Old Frisian hōrn hɔːrn hɔːrn
120   Middle High German horn horn horn
111   Old English horn horn horn
118   Old Saxon horn horn horn
115   Middle Dutch hoorn hoːrn hoːrn
102   Old Icelandic horn horn horn
101   Gothic haurn 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽 hɔrn hɔrn
152   Middle Cornish corn korn
153   Late Cornish korn korn
106   Norwegian: Nynorsk horn huʁn huʁn
45   Vâsi-vari: Paṣki üč′ü üčˈǖ ytʃˈyː ytʃˈy
39   Pashai: North-West šangaṭu شنګتو ʃaŋɡaˈʈu ʃanɡaʈu
132   Milanese còrnu ˈkɔrnu
References
  • Abaev, Vasilij Ivanovič: III:192
  • Adams, Douglas Q.: 235
    S.v. TochB krorīya* 'horn; crescent of moon'. TochA kror and TochB krorīya reflect a Proto-Tocharian *krorŭ; Proto-Tocharian *kror- is a derivative of PIE *k̑r̥h₂s-r- 'horn'.
  • Beekes, Robert: 676-677
    S.v. κέρας 'horn for blowing and drinking' < PIE *k̑erh₂-s- 'horn'.
  • Belyaev, Oleg:
    Re Ossetic: from *šə with formant -kʼa. Root from PIr. *sru(wa)-. Cf. Persian surū-, Avestan srū-, srvā- 'horn'.
  • Kloekhorst, Alwin: 446-447
    S.v. karāu̯ar / karaun- 'horn(s), antler(s)'. The Anatolian forms reflect a heteroclite stem *k̑r-o-u̯r̥ / *k̑r-o-un-.
  • Kroonen, Guus: 259
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *hurna- 'horn', from PIE *k̑rn-o- (cf. Skt. śŕ̥ṅga- 'horn' < *k̑r-n-go-, Lat. cornū < *k̑r-nu-, W. carn 'hoof' < *kr-no-, etc.).
  • Matasović, Ranko: 190-191
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *karno- 'horn, hoof', from PIE *k̑rno- 'horn'.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: II:653
    S.v. Ved. śŕ̥ṇga- 'Horn', from PIE *k̑r̥-n-g⁽ʷ⁾o-, derived to PIE *k̑er(h₂)- 'Horn ~ Kopf', cf. *k̑r̥-n- in Lat. cornū, Goth. haurn 'Horn'.
  • Nussbaum, Alan J.:
    Cf. for an exhaustive discussion of formations meaning 'head' and 'horn' built to this root.
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 136-137
    S.v. Lat. cornū, -ūs 'horn' < Proto-Italic *kornu-, *korno-, from PIE *k̑r̥-n-o-, a thematised n-stem derived from PIE *k̑er-,*k̑r̥- 'head; horn'.