Cognate Set 342 – Meaning: wind

IE-CoR reference form:
*h₂u̯eh₁-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Anatolian, Tocharian, Indo-Iranic, Balto-Slavic, Germanic, Italic, and Celtic lexemes derived from PIE *h₂u̯eh₁- 'to blow' (Kloekhorst 2008:368, Adams 2013:546, EWAia II:542, ALEW 1226-1227, Derksen 2015:496, Derksen 2008:519-520, Kroonen 2013:587, de Vaan 2008:662-663, Matasović 2009:47, cf. LIV² 287).
Found in clades:
Anatolian, Baltic, Celtic, Germanic, Indic, Iranic, Italic, Slavic, Tocharian
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 9 clades by 104 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
79   Bulgarian vât″r вятър ˈvʲɑ̈təɾ ˈvjatɤr
98   Belarusian vecer вецер ˈvʲetsʲɛɾ ˈvʲetsʲer
141   Catalan vent ben ben
93   Czech vítr ˈviːtɾ̩ ˈviːtr
110   Danish vind ˈvenˀ
116   Dutch wind wɪnt
112   English wind wɪnd
104   Faroese vindur ˈvɪnd̥ʊɹ
117   Flemish wind
136   French vent vɑ̃ vɑ̃
114   Frisian wyn vin Also 'wine'.
122   German Wind ˈvɪnt ˈvɪnt
103   Icelandic vindur ˈvɪnd̥ʏr Replaced VINDR.
129   Italian vento ˈvɛnto ˈvɛnto
76   Lithuanian vė́jas ˈʋʲeːjɛs ˈvʲeːjas
95   Sorbian: Lower wětš wʲɪtʂ wɪtʂ
94   Sorbian: Upper wětřik ˈwʲɪtsʲik ˈwɪtsik Formally a diminutive, but it is the only form commonly used, 'wětr' is obsolete.
80   Macedonian vetar ветар ˈve̞tɑ̈ɾ̥ ˈvetar
88   Polish wiatr vʲjɑ̈tɾ̥ vjatr
144   Portuguese vento ˈvẽtu ˈvẽtu
105   Norwegian: Bokmål vind ʋinː ʋinː
97   Russian veter ветер ˈvʲetʲɪɾ ˈvʲetʲer
134   Sardinian: Logudoro bentu ˈbɛntu ˈbɛntu
133   Sardinian: Nuoro (b)entu ˈentu ˈbentu
83   Serbo-Croat vjetar ˈvjɛ̂tɑ̈ɾ ˈvjêtar Ekavian variant: 'vetar' /vêtar/ [ˈvɛ̂tɑ̈ɾ].
91   Slovak vietor ˈviɛtɔɾ ˈvietor
85   Slovene veter ˈvéːtəɾ ˈvéːtər
143   Spanish viento ˈbjen̪to ˈbjento
109   Swedish vind vɪnd
99   Ukrainian vìter вітер ˈvʲitɛ̽ɾ ˈviter
137   Walloon vint vẽ vẽ
124   Latin uentus ˈwentus ˈwentus G.sg. uentī
78   Old Church Slavonic větrŭ вѣтръ ʋætrʊ̆ vætrʊ
3   Tocharian A want wənt wənt
4   Tocharian B yente ˈjente jente Regular from *h₂u̯ēnt-ó- < *h₂u̯eh₁-nt-ó- (cf. Lat. ventus, Goth. winds), in turn a vrddhi derivative of *h₂u̯éh₁-n̥t- (cf. Hittite ḫuwant-).
21   Vedic: Early vā́taḥ वातः ˈʋa.atɐh váatas ~ vāyú- m.
1   Hittite ḫuu̯ant- ḫu-u̯a-an-za
77   Old Prussian wetro EV
74   Latvian vējš vɛːjʃ vɛːjʃ
131   Ladin vent ˈvent
130   Friulian vint ˈvint ˈvint
46   Avestan: Younger vāta 𐬬𐬁𐬙𐬀 u̯aːta
108   Old Swedish vinder ˈvinder vinder
22   Pali vāta ʋaːtɐ vaːta
33   Marathi vārā वारा ʋaɾa Reflex of PIE *kewero-?
155   Middle Breton avel, auel ˈaːvel
49   Khotanese bātä baːðə baːðə expected NOM.SG would be bā
67   Persian: Tehran bād باد bɒːd bɒd
90   Polabian v́otĕr ˈvʲɔtɘr ˈvjotɘr
89   Kashubian wiater ˈvjɑ̈tɛɾ ˈvjater
66   Middle Persian wād wʾd wɑːð waːd ZP wʾt
56   Kurdish N.: Bahdini ba bɑː bɑ
55   Parthian wād wʾd wɑːd waːd AF wʾʾd, wʾδ
75   Latgalian viejs vʲiɛjs vʲiejs
125   Romanian vânt vɨnt vɨnt
127   Dalmatian: Vegliote vi̯ant vjant
128   Neapolitan viento ˈvjentə ˈvjentə
135   Anglo-Norman vent
139   Franco-Provençal vë ˈvʌː ˈvʌ
142   Old Spanish viento ˈbjento
157   Breton: Treger awel ˈaːwël ˈawël
156   Breton: Gwened awel äɥeːl
151   Welsh: North gwynt ɡwɨnt ɡwɨnt
87   Old Polish wiatr, wietr ˈvʲa̠tr̥, vʲɛtr̥ vʲatr, vʲetr
150   Middle Welsh gwynt ɡwɨnt
92   Old Czech vietr vʲeːtr vjeːtr
100   Rusyn v′iter ˈβʲitɛɾ vʲiter
81   Macedonian: Suho v′ä̀tir ˈvʲætʲiɾ ˈvætir
82   Macedonian: Visoka w′ä̀t′ḁr ˈβʲætʲɐɾ ˈvætær
53   Yaghnobi wōt(a)
86   Slovene: Kostel veter ˈʋe̝ːte̝ɾ ˈve̝ːte̝r
84   Slovene: Early Modern veiter
154   Old Breton avelou
54   Bactrian oado οαδο u̯aːd attested as the name of the wind god in 2nd cent.
62   Tati yāvā java
48   Sogdian wāt wʾt u̯aːt
68   Bakhtiari bād bɑð̞ bɑd
69   Delvari bɒ bɒ
70   Lari bāz bɒz
64   Balochi: Sistani gwāt ɡwɑt
57   Kurdish C.: Jafi bā bɑ
96   Old Novgorod věterŭ вѣтеръ ˈvʲetʲɛr ˈʋʲetʲɛr
138   Old Occitan vent also: aura
126   Megleno-Romanian víntu
47   Khwarazmian wād wʾd u̯aːd
140   Old Catalan vent ben ben
24   Assamese bôtāh বতাহ bɔtɑh
61   Raji: Barzoki ʋạd va̠ˁd̪ ʋa̠ˁd̪
58   Kurdish S.: Elami wā wɒ
60   Hawrami wā wɑ
36   Gawri bāla بالہ ˈbɒːl̪ɒʔ bɒːlɒ HL
119   Old High German uuint wint wint
113   Old Frisian wind wind wind
120   Middle High German wint wint wint
111   Old English wind wind wind
118   Old Saxon uuind wind wind
115   Middle Dutch wint wint wint
101   Gothic winds 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍃 winds winds
152   Middle Cornish gwyns ɡwins
153   Late Cornish guinz, gwenz ɡwinz
106   Norwegian: Nynorsk vind ʋɪnː ʋɪnː
145   Portuguese: Brazilian vento
59   Kurdish S.: Qorveh bā bɑ
132   Milanese vént vent
References
  • Adams, Douglas Q.: 546
    S.v. TochB yente 'wind', which with TochA want reflect Proto-Tocharian *wi̯ente from a PIE *h₂u̯eh₁n̥to- (cf. Skt. vāta-, Av. vāta-, Lat. ventus, Goth. winds, Hitt. hwant-, etc.).
  • Derksen, Rick: 519-520
    S.v. Proto-Slavic *větrъ 'wind', from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ueʔtr- (cf. Lith. vė́tra 'storm', Latv. vȩ̄tra 'storm', derived from the same root as Proto-Slavic *vějati 'blow (of wind), winnow' from PIE *h₂ueh₁- (cf. Skt. vā́ti 'blow (of wind)', Gk. ἄησι (Hes.) 'id.', OHG wāen 'id.').
  • Derksen, Rick: 496
    Cf. s.v. Lith. vė́jas 'wind' (Latv. vẽjš 'wind') from PIE *h₂ueh₁-iu- (cf. Skt. vāyú- 'wind, air, god of the wind').
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 1226-1227
    S.v. OLith. vė́ti 'wehen', with derived noun vė́jas 'Wind' (BSl. Latv. vẽjš 'Wind', OCS vějati 'wehen', etc.) from PIE *h₂u̯eh₁- 'wehen' (cf. Ved. vā- 'wehen', YAv. vā- 'weht', Gk. ἅημι 'wehe', Goth. waian 'wehen', etc.).
  • Kloekhorst, Alwin: 368
    S.v. Hitt. ḫuu̯ant- 'wind', from PIE *h₂uh₁-ent-, which exactly matches Gk. ἀέντ-, functioning as the participle of the verb 'to blow'. Other cognates from PIE *h₂u̯eh₁- include Skt. vā́nt- 'blowing', vā́ta- 'wind', Lat. ventus, Goth. winds, TochA want-, TochB yente.
  • Kroonen, Guus: 587
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *winda- 'wind', from PIE *h₂uéh₁-ent-o- (cf. Hitt. huu̯ant- 'wind' < *h₂uh₁-ent-; TochA want, wänt, TochB yente 'wind', Lat. ventus, W. gwynt < *h₂ueh₁-(e)nt-o-, Skt. vā́ta-, OAv., YAv. vāta-, NPers. bād, Oss. wad / wad(æ) < *h₂ueh₁-nt-o-).
  • Matasović, Ranko: 47
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *awelā 'breeze, wind', cf. PIE *h₂uh₁-el- (IEW 81ff.). Neuter l-stem, probably with nom. sg. *h₂ewh₁-l, gen. sg. *h₁uh₂-el-s, cf. Gk. ἄελλα 'stormwind'.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: II:542
    S.v. Skt. vā́ta- 'Wind, Windgott' (cf. IIr. in OAv. vāta- 'wind', YAv. vāta- 'wind', etc.), from PIE *h₂u̯eh₁-n̥t-o- to √*h₂u̯eh₁- (cf. Lat. ventus, Goth. winds, etc.).
  • Rix, Helmut: 287
    Cf. s.v. *h₂u̯eh₁- 'wehen' (IEW 81-4). Cf. n1: The majority of forms found among the IE languages are adjectives derived from participles of the verb 'to blow', i.e. ptc. *h₂u̯éh₁-n̥t- → adj. *h₂u̯ḗh₁n̥to-.
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 662-663
    S.v. Lat. ventus 'wind', from PIE *h₂ueh₁-nt-o- 'wind' (cf. W. gwynt 'wind', Hitt. huu̯ant- 'wind', Skt. vāta- 'wind, god of wind', OAv., YAv. vāta- 'wind', Gk. ἄησι 'to blow', Goth. winds, OHG wint, TochB yente, TochA want (~wänt) 'wind').