Cognate Set 6458 – Meaning: heart

IE-CoR reference form:
*k̑erd-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Anatolian, Hellenic, Armenian, Indo-Iranic, Balto-Slavic, Germanic, Italic, and Celtic lexemes from PIE *k̑erd- 'heart' (NIL 417-423, cf. Kloekhorst 2008:469-471, Beekes 2010:644, Martirosyan 2010:576-578, EWAia II:818, ALEW 1032-1034, Derksen 2015:448-449, Derksen 2008:485, de Vaan 2008:134-135, Matasović 2009:223-224). The irregular correspondence of Proto-Indo-Iranic word-initial *j́ʰ- (> Ved. h-, Av. z-) is presumably due to contamination with Proto-Indo-Iranic outcome of PIE *g̑ʰórh₁-/g̑ʰr̥h₁- 'guts', cf. cognate set 2672.
Found in clades:
Anatolian, Armenian, Baltic, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Indic, Iranic, Italic, Nuristani, Slavic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 11 clades by 112 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
17   Armenian: Western sirt սիրտ ˈdzɑnəɾ dzɑnɾ
16   Armenian: Eastern sirt սիրտ siɾt siɾt
79   Bulgarian s″rce сърце səɾˈtsɛ sɤrˈtse
98   Belarusian serca сэрца ˈsɛɾtsa ˈsertso
141   Catalan cor kɔɾ kɔɾ
93   Czech srdce ˈsɾ̩tsɛ ˈsrtse
110   Danish hjerte ˈjæɐ̯də
116   Dutch hart hɑrt
112   English heart hɑːt Middle English hert, Old English heorte
104   Faroese hjarta ˈjaɻ̊ʈa
117   Flemish hart
136   French cœur kœːʁ kœʁ
114   Frisian hert hɛt Changed from HART.
122   German Herz ˈhɛɐts ˈhɛʁts
8   Greek: Modern Std kardiá καρδιά karˈðʝa karðiˈa
103   Icelandic hjarta ˈçar̥ta
161   Gaelic: Irish croí ˈkˠɹ̥ˠiː ˈkˠrˠiː
129   Italian cuore ˈkwɔːɾe ˈkwɔre
131   Ladin cuer ˈkue̯r
76   Lithuanian širdìs ʃʲɪrʲˈdʲɪs ʃʲɪrʲˈdɪs
80   Macedonian srce срце ˈsəɾtsɛ ˈsrtse
88   Polish serce ˈsɛɾtsɛ ˈsertse
144   Portuguese coração kuɾɐˈsɐ̃w kuɾɐˈsɐ̃w
105   Norwegian: Bokmål hjerte ˈjæ̀ʈːə ˈjæ̀rtɛ
97   Russian serdce сердце ˈsʲɛrtsə ˈsʲerdtse
134   Sardinian: Logudoro coro ˈkoːro ˈkoːro
133   Sardinian: Nuoro coro ˈkoːro ˈkoːro
83   Serbo-Croat srce ˈsɾ̩tsɛ ˈsr̂tse
91   Slovak srdce ˈsr̩tsɛ ˈsrtse
85   Slovene srce səɾˈtséː sərˈtséː
143   Spanish corazón koɾaˈθɔn koɾaˈθon
109   Swedish hjärta ˈjæ̀ʈːa
99   Ukrainian serce серце ˈsɛɾtsɛ̽ ˈsertse
137   Walloon coûr kuːʁ kuːʁ
1   Hittite ker / kard(i)- ke-er / kar-ti-i̯a-aš AF kard-
6   Greek: Ancient kardía καρδία kardíaː kardíaː G.sg. καρδίας.
21   Vedic: Early hā́rdi हार्दि ˈɦaːɾdi háːrdi obl. hr̥d-; EARLY SWADESH TERM, ~ hŕ̥dayam
74   Latvian sirds ˈsirts sirts
124   Latin cor kor kor G.sg. cordis
78   Old Church Slavonic srĭdĭce срьдьцє sr̩ʲdɪ̆tsʲɛ sr̩ʲdɪtse
77   Old Prussian sīran Third Catechism, acc.sg. EV: seyr
159   Gaelic: Scottish cridhe krʲi.ə
121   Luxembourgish Häerz hɛːʀts hɛːʀts
130   Friulian cûr ˈkuːr ˈkuːr Deriv. curon.
46   Avestan: Younger zərəd 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 zərd AF zərəδaiia- (Young Avestan figurative use, zərəd is OAv.)
158   Old Irish cride ˈkʲʰr̥ʲɪðʲe ˈkʲrʲiðʲe
72   Ossetic: Iron zærdæ зӕрдӕ ʒɜrˈdɜ ʒɜrdɜ
73   Ossetic: Digor zærdæ зӕрдӕ zɜrdɜ zɜrdɜ
15   Armenian: Classical sirt սիրտ siɾt siɾt-i-
2   Luvian zārt(i)- za-a-ar-za (CL) CL zārt-, HL zārti-. Luvian generalizes the oblique stem, see zart- and not **zir (cf. Hitt. gen.sg. kardiyas). HLuw. attests za+ra/i-za 'heart'.
148   Gaulish crid(io)- Attested in proper names.
160   Gaelic: Manx cree kɹiː kriː croidhe
13   Tsakonian: Peloponnese kardía καρδíα karˈðia karˈðia
108   Old Swedish hiärta ˈhjærta hjærta
107   Elfdalian järta ˈjæ̀rtɑ ˈjæ̀rtɑ
22   Pali hadayaṁ hadaya ɦɐdɐjɐ̃ ɦadajam
49   Khotanese ysärä zərə zərə AF for NOM.SG ysīrai, yse, ysairi, ysaira (De Chiara 2013: 197)
7   Greek: New Testament kardía καρδία karˈðja karˈdia > 30 attestations in the NT.
89   Kashubian serce ˈsɛɾtsɛ ˈsertse
55   Parthian zirδ zyrd zɪɾð zirð
11   Greek: Cypriot karkiá καρκιά kɐˈr̥cɐ kɐˈrðjɐ
14   Tsakonian: Propontis kardía καρδíα karˈðia karˈðia
10   Greek: Pontic kardía καρδία karˈðiə karˈðia
9   Greek: Cappadocian kargiá καργιά kaˈrɣja kaˈrɣia
12   Greek: Italiot kardía καρντία karˈdia karˈdia It.
75   Latgalian sirds sʲirds sʲirds
128   Neapolitan core ˈkɔɾə ˈkɔrə
135   Anglo-Norman coer
139   Franco-Provençal keuh ˈcœx ˈkøx
142   Old Spanish coraçón koɾaˈtson
35   Palula híṛu ہِڑوۡ ˈɦi̤ɽo híɽu
26   Maithili hriday ह्रदय hrid̪əj
87   Old Polish serce ˈsɛrtsɛ ˈsertse Many variant forms 'serce, serdce, sierce, sirce, sirdce'.
92   Old Czech srdce ˈsr̩dtsɛ ˈsr̩dtse
96   Old Novgorod serdĭce сердьце ˈsʲɛrdtsʲɛ ˈsʲɛrdtsɛ
100   Rusyn sérce ˈs(ɛ/ɜ)ɾts(ɛ/ɜ) ˈsertse
81   Macedonian: Suho strъ̀ci ˈstɾətsʲi ˈstrətse
82   Macedonian: Visoka strъ̀ci ˈstɾətsʲi ˈstrətse
86   Slovene: Kostel srce ˈsɾ̩tse̞ ˈsrtse
84   Slovene: Early Modern ſerzè
123   German: Bernese Härz hæːrts hæːrts
48   Sogdian žyāwar žyʾwr ʒi̯aːu̯ar
138   Old Occitan cor
47   Khwarazmian zǝrz zrz zərz
140   Old Catalan cor kɔɾ kɔɾ
37   Gawarbati heṛa ہیڑہ hɛ˞ːˈɽɔ heɽa GM h'iṛa, hiṛ'a
38   Khowar hardi ہردی hɑɾˈd̪i hɑɾdí
50   Pashto zrra زړه zɽə zɽə
66   Middle Persian dil dyl dɪl dil ZP dyl
71   Kumzari dil dɪl dɪl
127   Dalmatian: Vegliote kur kur
119   Old High German herza ˈhertsa ˈhertsa
52   Sarikoli zord zoɾd
113   Old Frisian herte ˈherte ˈherte
120   Middle High German herze ˈhertsə ˈhertsə
111   Old English heorte ˈheo̯rte ˈheo̯rte
118   Old Saxon herta ˈherta ˈherta
115   Middle Dutch herte ˈhertə ˈhertə
102   Old Icelandic hjarta ˈj̥arta ˈhjarta
101   Gothic hairto 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉 ˈhɛrtoː ˈhɛrtoː
36   Gawri hikur ہِکُور hɪˈkuɾ̥ hikur H(L)
106   Norwegian: Nynorsk hjerte ˈjɑχtə ˈjɑʁtɛ
145   Portuguese: Brazilian coração
45   Vâsi-vari: Paṣki z′ir zir ziɾ ziɾ
39   Pashai: North-West haaṛ هاړ hɑːɽ haːɽ
132   Milanese cör kœr
40   Kamviri źâr′a dzaɾˈɨ dzaɾˈɨ
41   Kâta-vari: Eastern zar′a zərə zɨrˈɨ zɨrˈɨ
42   Kâta-vari: Ktivi zar′a zɨɾˈɨ zɨɾˈɨ
43   Kalaṣa-alâ: Nišeigrâm zö zˈø zˈø
44   Saṇu-viri: Wâmâ žid′i ʒidˈi ʒidˈi
59   Kurdish S.: Qorveh dɨḷ dɨɭ
References
  • Beekes, Robert: 644
    S.v. καρδία 'heart' < PIE *k̑ēr(d), gen. *k̑rd-(i)os 'heart'.
  • Derksen, Rick: 485
    S.v. Proto-Slavic *sьrdьce 'heart', with a stem derived from the PIE zero-grade *k̑r̥d-.
  • Derksen, Rick: 448-449
    S.v. Lith. širdìs 'heart', from PIE *k̑ērd-, G.sg. *k̑r̥d-ós.
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 1032-1034
    S.v. OLith. širdìs 'Herz, Sinn, Gesinnung' (BSl. cf. Latv. sir̂ds 'Herz; Mut, Zorn', OPr. seyr 'Herz', OCS srьcьce 'Herz', etc.), from PIE *k̑ḗrd-/*k̑r̥d- 'Herz' (cf. Hitt. ker 'Herz' CLuw. zārza 'Herz', Ved. hā́rdi, OAv. zərəd- 'Herz', Gk, κῆρ, 'Herz', καρδία 'Herz; Seele, Geist' Arm. sirt 'Herz', Lat. cor, cordis 'Herz; Geist, Seele', OIr. crude 'Herz', Goth. hairto, etc.).
  • Kloekhorst, Alwin: 469-471
    S.v. Hitt. ker / kard(i)- 'heart; center, core', from PIE *k̑ēr, *k̑rd-i-ós, *k̑rd-´.
  • Kroonen, Guus: 222
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *hertōn- 'heart', from a derived n-stem *k̑erd-n-.
  • Martirosyan, Hrach: 576-578
    S.v. Arm. sirt 'heart', since long derived from PIE *k̑ērd, *k̑r̥d-ós 'heart', etc.
  • Matasović, Ranko: 223-224
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *kridyo- 'heart'.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: II:818
    S.v. Ved. hŕ̥d- 'Herz', from IIr. *j́ʰā̆rd- /*j́ʰr̥d-, is not completely lautgesetzlich with PIE *k̑ē̆rd-/*k̑r̥d-. The presence of non-etymological *j́ʰ (> Vedic h) in Proto-Indo-Iranian is presumably due to contamination with the Proto-Indo-Iranian outcome of PIE *g̑ʰórh₁-/g̑ʰr̥h₁- 'guts', cf. cognate set 2672.
  • Wodtko, Dagmar S. and Irslinger, Britta and Schneider, Carolin: 417-423
    S.v. *k̑ḗr, k̑r̥d-´ n. 'Herz' (IEW 579f.).
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 134-135
    S.v. Lat. cor, cordis 'heart', from PIE *k̑ēr, k̑r̥d-os. Latin generalised the oblique (zero-grade) form of the stem *k̑r̥d- > *kord-.