Cognate Set 21 – Meaning: dog

IE-CoR reference form:
*k̑u̯ón-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Anatolian, Tocharian, Hellenic, Armenian, Indo-Iranic, Baltic, Germanic, Italic, and Celtic lexemes continuing PIE *k̑u̯ón-, *k̑un-, *k̑u̯n̥-, the inherited Indo-European word for 'dog' (NIL 436-440, EIEC 168, cf. Melchert 1989, Kloekhorst 2008:505-506, Hilmarsson 1996:187, Adams 2013:190, Martirosyan 2010:520-522, Beekes 2010}:811, EWAia II:674-675, ALEW 1054-1055, Derksen 2015:455, Kroonen 2013:256, de Vaan 2008:87, Matasović 2009:181).
Found in clades:
Anatolian, Armenian, Baltic, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Indic, Iranic, Italic, Nuristani, Tocharian
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 11 clades by 84 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
17   Armenian: Western šun շուն ʃun ʃ-un
16   Armenian: Eastern šun շուն ʃun ʃ-un
110   Danish hund ˈhunˀ
116   Dutch hond hɔnt
104   Faroese hundur ˈhʊnd̥ʊɹ
117   Flemish hond
136   French chien ʃɛ̃ ʃɛ̃
114   Frisian hûn hun Changed from HOUN.
122   German Hund ˈhʊnt ˈhʊnt
103   Icelandic hundur ˈhʏnd̥ʏr Replaced HUNDR.
129   Italian cane ˈkaːne ˈkane
34   Kashmiri hoon ہون hʊːn hoːn
131   Ladin cian ˈtʃaŋ
76   Lithuanian šuõ ʃʊoː ʃʊoː
144   Portuguese cão kɐ̃ũ kɐ̃ũ
105   Norwegian: Bokmål hund hʉnː hʉnː
134   Sardinian: Logudoro cane ˈkaːnɛ ˈkaːnɛ
133   Sardinian: Nuoro cane ˈkaːnɛ ˈkaːnɛ
109   Swedish hund hɵnd
137   Walloon tchin t͡ʃẽ t͡ʃẽ
1   Hittite kuu̯an- / kun- ku-u̯a-aš Indirectly attested in the form of (LÚ)kuu̯an- 'hound-man'.
3   Tocharian A ku ku ku Acc. koṃ (cf. Ved. śvā́naṃ).
4   Tocharian B ku ku kəw Acc. kweṃ (cf. Ved. śvā́naṃ).
6   Greek: Ancient kýōn κύων kýo̞ːn kýo̞ːn G.sg. κυνός.
124   Latin canis ˈkanis ˈkanis G.sg. canis
77   Old Prussian sunis EV
74   Latvian suns suns suns
159   Gaelic: Scottish cù kuː
121   Luxembourgish Hond hont hont
21   Vedic: Early śvā́ शवा ˈɕʋaː ɕváː
130   Friulian cjan ˈcaŋ ˈcan
46   Avestan: Younger span 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬥 span Stem spān-/sūn-
158   Old Irish cú ˈkˠʰuː ˈkuː
15   Armenian: Classical šown շուն ʃun ʃ-u/ɑn- շուն　šown
2   Luvian suwani- sù-wa/i-ní-i-sa (HL) HLuv. suwani- 'dog'. CLuv. only with Sum. UR.ZÍR-(i)-.
67   Persian: Tehran sag سگ sæɡ sæɡ
148   Gaulish cuno- Attested in numerous names, e.g. Cuno.
13   Tsakonian: Peloponnese koúe κούε ˈkue̞ ˈkue̞
108   Old Swedish hunder ˈhunder ˈhunder
22   Pali suṇa sʊɳɐ suɳa
155   Middle Breton qui, quy ˈkiː
5   Greek: Mycenaean ku-na-* 𐀓𐀙 kun- kun- Oblique stem attested in compound ku-na-ke-ta-i 'hunters' (D.pl. in PY Na 248), cf. Att. κυν-ηγέτης 'hunter' (lit. 'dog-leader'). Cf. Attic κύων, G.sg. κυν-ός lexeme 18699
49   Khotanese śve ʃʲwɛ ʃu̯e
51   Wakhi šač ʃat̠ʃ
7   Greek: New Testament kynárion κυνάριον kyˈnar(i/j)o̞n kyˈnario̞n Mt 15:26, 15:27, Mk 7:27, 7:28; originally a diminutive 'little dog, puppy' but more generally 'dog'. Alternative form κύων in 2Pet 2:22, Philipp 3:2, Mat 7:6.
66   Middle Persian sag sg saɣ saɡ
55   Parthian ispag ʿspg ɪˈspaɡ spaɡ
75   Latgalian suņs sunʲtsʲ sunʲsʲ
125   Romanian câine ˈkɨjne ˈkɨjne
128   Neapolitan cane ˈkanə ˈkanə
135   Anglo-Norman chen
139   Franco-Provençal shin ˈθẽ ˈθẽ masculine noun
142   Old Spanish can kan
156   Breton: Gwened ķi tʃi
157   Breton: Treger ki ˈkiː ˈkiː
151   Welsh: North ci ciː kiː
150   Middle Welsh ci ki
71   Kumzari saġ sɐʁ sɐʁ
123   German: Bernese Hung hʊŋ hʊŋ
62   Tati asbe æsbe
68   Bakhtiari sag saɡ saɡ
69   Delvari sæg sæɡ
70   Lari sag saɡ
138   Old Occitan can
126   Megleno-Romanian cắni
140   Old Catalan ca ka ka
50   Pashto spe سپۍ spe spe
61   Raji: Barzoki esbạ ʔesba̠ˁ esba̠ˁ
127   Dalmatian: Vegliote kuọṅ kuon or kun
119   Old High German hunt hunt hunt
120   Middle High German hunt hunt hunt
111   Old English hund hund hund
118   Old Saxon hund hund hund
115   Middle Dutch hont hont hont
102   Old Icelandic hundr hundr hundr
101   Gothic hunds 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 hunds hunds
152   Middle Cornish ky kəi
153   Late Cornish kei kei
37   Gawarbati ṣunaa ݭُنا ʂʊ̃ˈɳaː ʂunaː GM šuṇ'ǟ, š'ūnä, šūṇ'a
39   Pashai: North-West šiing شینګ ʃiˑŋɡ ʃiːnɡ
106   Norwegian: Nynorsk hund hʉnː hʉnː
43   Kalaṣa-alâ: Nišeigrâm ćũ tsˈũ tsˈũ
59   Kurdish S.: Qorveh saw sæw
132   Milanese can kan
References
  • Adams, Douglas Q.: 190
    S.v. TochB ku 'dog', which with TochA ku reflects *kŭwŭ from PIE *k̑úwō 'dog' (cf. Skt. ś(u)vā, Arm. šun, Gk. κύων, Lat. canis, OIr. cú, Goth. hunds, Lith. šuõ, Hitt. kuwas, HLuw. zuwana/i- 'dog').
  • Beekes, Robert: 811
    S.v. κύων 'dog, bitch', from PIE *k̑uon- 'dog' (cf. Skt. śvā́, Lith. šuõ, Hitt. (LÚ)kuu̯an-, HLuw. swan(i)-, etc.).
  • Derksen, Rick: 455
    S.v. Lith. šuõ 'dog' (Latv. suns, OPr. sunis), from PIE *k̑uōn, G.sg. k̑un-ós (cf. Skt. śván-, Gk. κύων, Lat. canis, OIr. cú, Goth. hunds).
  • Hilmarsson, Jörundur: 187
    S.v. TochB ku, kū, TochA ku, kū 'dog', clearly continuing the IE word for 'dog' (cf. Skt. ś(u)vā́, Gk. κύων, etc.).
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 1054-1055
    S.v. OLith. šuõ, šuõj, šuõn 'Hund' (BSl. cf. Latv. suns 'Hund, OPr. sunis 'Hund'), from PIE *k̑u̯on- 'Hund' (cf. Hitt. kuwas 'Hundemann', HLuw. zuwan(i)- 'Hund', Ved. śvā́ 'Hund', YAv. spā 'Hund', Gk. κύων 'id.', OIr. cú 'id.', TochA ku, TochB ku 'Hund').
  • Kloekhorst, Alwin: 505-506
    S.v. Hitt. (LÚ)kuu̯an-/kun- 'hound-man' (a type of cult functionary), elsewhere in Anatolian cf. HLuw. swan(i)- 'dog'. From PIE *k̑uōn, *k̑uón-m, *k̑un-ós (cf. Skt. svā́, Arm. šun, Lith. šuõ, etc. 'dog'). For the contexts and interpretation of the Hittite lexeme cf. Melchert (1989).
  • Kroonen, Guus: 256
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *hunda- (2) 'dog', from the IE word for 'dog' *k̑u-on- (cf. Hitt. kuu̯an- ~ kun- 'dog-man', TochAB ku, Skt. śván-, YAv. span-, Arm. šun, Gk. κύων, Lat. canēs, -is, OIr. cú, Lith. šuõ, etc.).
  • Mallory, James P.: 168
    S.v. DOG *k̑(u)u̯ón (gen. *k̑unós) 'dog (canis familiaris)'.
  • Martirosyan, Hrach: 520-522
    S.v. Arm. šun 'dog; adulterer, adulteress, whore', since long connected with PIE *k̑uon- 'dog' (cf. Skt. śvan-, YAv. span-, Lat. canis, Gk. κύων, OIr. cú, Lith. šuõ, OPr. sunis, etc.).
  • Matasović, Ranko: 181
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *kʷon- 'dog' (nom.sg. *k(w)ū, gen.sg. *kunos), from PIE *k̑(u)u̯ōn 'dog' (cf. Skt. śvā́, Gk. κύων, Lat. canis, Germ. Hund, Lith. šuõ, TochA ku, Arm. šun). NB Proto-Celtic *kʷ < PIE *k̑w was delabialised before *ū̆.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: II:674-675
    S.v. Ved. śvan- 'Hund' (IIr. cf. YAv. span- 'Hund'), from PIE *k̑u̯on- (cf. Arm. šown, Gk. κύων, OIr. cú, Lith. šuõ, TochAB ku, Hitt. kuu̯an-/kun- 'dog-man', ON hun-d-r 'Hund', etc.).
  • Melchert, H. Craig: 97-101
    Cf. for the contexts and interpretation of the Hittite lexeme.
  • Wodtko, Dagmar S. and Irslinger, Britta and Schneider, Carolin: 436-440
    S.v. *k̑u̯ón-, *k̑un-, *k̑u̯n̥- 'Hund' (IEW 632f.).
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 87
    S.v. Lat. canēs, -is 'dog', from PIE *k̑uōn 'dog' (cf. OIr. cú [G.sg. con], Hitt. kuu̯an-/kun- 'dog-man', HLuw. swan(i)- 'dog' Skt. svā́ 'dog', YAv. span- 'dog', Gk. κύων, Arm. šown, OPr. sunis, Lith. šuõ, Goth. hunds, OIc. hundr, TochAB ku, etc.).