Cognate Set 2235 – Meaning: full

IE-CoR reference form:
*pleh₁-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Hellenic, Armenian, Albanian, Indo-Iranic, Balto-Slavic, Germanic, Italic, and Celtic lexemes derived from PIE *pleh₁- 'to fill, be(come) full' (Beekes 2010:1191-1192, Martirosyan 2010:309-310, Demiraj 1997:327, Orel 1998:335, EWAia II:156-157, ALEW 772-773, Derksen 2015:356, Derksen 2008:426, Kroonen 2013159, de Vaan 2008:472-273, Matasović 2009:132).
Found in clades:
Albanian, Armenian, Baltic, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Indic, Iranic, Italic, Nuristani, Slavic
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 11 clades by 127 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
6   Greek: Ancient plḗrēs πλήρης plɛ́ːrɛːs plɛ́ːrɛːs G.sg. πλήρεος.
21   Vedic: Early pūrṇá- पूर्ण- puːɾɳɐ- puːrná-
78   Old Church Slavonic plŭnŭ плънъ pl̩nʊ̆ pl̩nʊ In the Canon there is attested a defective form with an archaich stem formation: 'исплънь'.
77   Old Prussian pilnan acc.sg.f.
74   Latvian pilns pilns pilns
124   Latin plēnus pɫeːnus pleːnus G.sg. plēnī; plēnus, plēna, plēnum.
159   Gaelic: Scottish làn l̪ˠaːn
30   Urdu pūrā پُورا puɾɑ
129   Italian pieno ˈpjɛːno ˈpjɛno
31   Nepali pūrā पूरा pura
16   Armenian: Eastern li(kʿə) լի(քը) ˈli(kʰə) li(kʰ-n) 'full, abundant, perfect, whole' (Martirosyan)
136   French plein plɛ̃ plɛ̃
121   Luxembourgish voll fol fol
143   Spanish lleno ˈjeno ˈjeno
76   Lithuanian pìlnas ˈpʲɪlnɐs ˈpʲɪlnas
88   Polish pełny ˈpɛwnɘ̟ ˈpewnɨ
93   Czech plny ˈpl̩niː ˈplniː
97   Russian polnyj полный ˈpɔɫnɘj ˈpolnij
18   Albanian: Gheg plotë From PAlb *plata identical with IE *pleto- 'full' derived from *pel∂- 'to fill': Skt prata-, Lat com-pletus.
122   German voll ˈfɔl ˈfɔl
130   Friulian plen ˈplɛŋ ˈplɛn
161   Gaelic: Irish lán ˈl̪ˠɑːnˠ ˈl̪ˠaːnˠ
105   Norwegian: Bokmål full fʉlː fʉlː From Old Norse fullr, from Proto-Germanic *fullaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁nós.
109   Swedish full fɵlː
29   Hindi pūrā पूरा puɾɑ purɑ Also 'whole', 'entire'.
83   Serbo-Croat pun pûn pûn
46   Avestan: Younger pərəna 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 pərna
158   Old Irish lán ˈl̪ˠaːnˠ ˈl̪aːn
147   Umbrian plener Latin script: plener (abl.pl.n., VIIa 21, 34). Possibly also Paleo-Umbrian: pleno (nom./acc.pl.n.? Um 12-15), but context unclear.
15   Armenian: Classical li լի li li-ɔ- Also 'abundant; perfect, whole’, adv. ‘fully, completely, firmly’.
112   English full fʊl Middle English ful, Old English full
116   Dutch vol vɔl
148   Gaulish lano- Attested in many personal and other names, e.g. Uisulanius ("full of wisdom")
19   Albanian: Standard plot Orel gives plotë. < IE *plēto 'id.'.
160   Gaelic: Manx lane lɛːn lɛːn lán
154   Old Breton lon Attested as second member in compounds.
149   Old Welsh laun ɬaun
104   Faroese fullur ˈfʊd̥lʊɹ
110   Danish fuld ˈfulˀ
103   Icelandic fullur ˈfʏd̥lʏr
108   Old Swedish fulder ˈfulder fulder
107   Elfdalian full fʉlː fʉlː
22   Pali puṇṇa pʊɳɳɐ puɳɳa
99   Ukrainian novnij повний ˈpɔwnɪ̽j ˈpovnɪj
98   Belarusian poŭny поўны ˈpɔwnɨ ˈpovni
95   Sorbian: Lower połny ˈpownɘ̟ ˈpownɘ̟
94   Sorbian: Upper połny ˈponɘ̟ ˈponɘ̟
85   Slovene poln pɔ́ːwn pɔ́ːvn
91   Slovak plný ˈpl̩niː ˈplniː
155   Middle Breton leun ˈløn
80   Macedonian poln полн po̞ɫn poln
79   Bulgarian p″len пълен ˈpɤlɘn ˈpɤlen
49   Khotanese uspurrä ʊspʊrə uspurə
7   Greek: New Testament plḗrēs πλήρης ˈple̝re̝s ˈple̝re̝s
90   Polabian påunĕ ˈpɒunɘ ˈpɒunɘ
66   Middle Persian purr pwr pʊrr purr ZP pwl
55   Parthian purr pwr pʊrr purr
53   Yaghnobi pun(n) ˈpʰünː
17   Armenian: Western lecʿown լեցուն lɛˈtsʰun lɛtsʰ-un
75   Latgalian pylnys ˈpɨlnɨs pilnis
117   Flemish vol
125   Romanian plin plin plin
131   Ladin plen ˈpleŋ
134   Sardinian: Logudoro piénu ˈpjɛnu ˈpjɛnu
135   Anglo-Norman plein
137   Walloon plin plẽ plẽ
139   Franco-Provençal plë ˈplʌː ˈplʌ
141   Catalan ple pɫɛ plɛ
142   Old Spanish lleno ˈʎeno
128   Neapolitan chino ˈkinə ˈkinə
144   Portuguese cheio ʃeju ʃeju
156   Breton: Gwened lan lɑ̃ːn
157   Breton: Treger leun ˈlœ̃ːn ˈlœ̃ːn
151   Welsh: North llawn ɬaun ɬaun
35   Palula purá پُرہ puˈɾa purá
67   Persian: Tehran por پر por
133   Sardinian: Nuoro prenu ˈprɛːnu ˈprɛːnu
87   Old Polish pełny ˈpɛɫnɨː ˈpelniː
150   Middle Welsh llawn ɬaun
23   Sinhalese piruṇu පිරැණු pirunu pirunu
92   Old Czech plný ˈpl̩nɨː ˈplniː
96   Old Novgorod polnyi полныи ˈpɔɫnʲɛjɪ̆ ˈpɔlnʲɛjɪ
100   Rusyn pọ́wnωj ˈpownɤ̟j ˈpovnɯj
71   Kumzari palla pɐllɐ pɐllɐ
81   Macedonian: Suho pъ̀lin ˈpəlʲin ˈpəlin
82   Macedonian: Visoka pъ̀lin ˈpəlʲin ˈpəlin
86   Slovene: Kostel poln puːn puːn
84   Slovene: Early Modern puln
68   Bakhtiari por poɾ por
114   Frisian fol fol
123   German: Bernese voll foʊ.ʊ foll
62   Tati pör pør
48   Sogdian purni pwrny pu˞ni rhotacised vowel
63   Mazanderani per per
69   Delvari por por
70   Lari por por
64   Balochi: Sistani por por
57   Kurdish C.: Jafi par pær
138   Old Occitan plen
126   Megleno-Romanian pľin
20   Albanian: Arbëresh pljotë ˈpʎɔːtə
140   Old Catalan ple pɫɛ pɫɛ
37   Gawarbati por پور poˑɾ por GM pūr, pọ̄r
60   Hawrami pař pær
58   Kurdish S.: Elami pıṛ pɘ̟rˁ
61   Raji: Barzoki pör pɵɾ pɵɾ
36   Gawri pūra پُورہ puˑˈɾɒʔ puːrɒ H
54   Bactrian poro πορο purr only attested with prefix *us-: σπορο/ασπορο "completely, in full"
127   Dalmatian: Vegliote plai̯n plajn
119   Old High German fol fol fol
113   Old Frisian ful ful ful
120   Middle High German vol fol fol
111   Old English full full full
118   Old Saxon full full full
115   Middle Dutch vol vol vol
102   Old Icelandic fullr fulːr fulːr
101   Gothic fulls 𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐍃 fulls fulls
152   Middle Cornish luen lœːn, leːn
153   Late Cornish lên leːn
106   Norwegian: Nynorsk full fʉl fʉl
145   Portuguese: Brazilian cheio
45   Vâsi-vari: Paṣki â-ri- a-ri- a-ɾi- a-ɾi-
40   Kamviri pâr′ea paɾˈeː paɾˈeɨ
41   Kâta-vari: Eastern pur′a purə purˈɨ purˈɨ
43   Kalaṣa-alâ: Nišeigrâm pâra- pa̞ɾˈɐ- pa̞ɾˈɐ-
59   Kurdish S.: Qorveh pɨṛ pɨɽ
132   Milanese pién pjen
References
  • Beekes, Robert: 1191-1192
    S.v. πίμπλημι 'to fill, make full' < PIE *pleh₁- 'fill'. Greek πλήρης may be compared with Latin plērus 'for the greater part', Armenian lir 'fullness', which presupposes that at least some suffixed form *pleh₁-r- can be dated back to PIE. Synchronically the Greek form has been reanalysed as an s-stem adjective (transponat *pleh₁-r-os-), while Latin plērus may reflect an original suffix -ro- (i.e. *pleh₁-ro-).
  • Demiraj, Bardhyl: 327
    S.v. Alb. plot 'voll, gefüllt, viel, genau' beside plótë adj. 'voll, gefüllt', the latter of which may be derived from PIE *pleh₁-to- 'full'.
  • Derksen, Rick: 356
    S.v. Lith. pìlnas 'full', from PIE *plh₁-nó- (cf. Skt. pūrṇá-, OIr. lán, Goth. fulls).
  • Derksen, Rick: 426
    S.v. Proto-Slavic *pьlnъ 'full' < PIE *plh₁-nó- (cf. Skt. pūrṇá-, OIr. lán, Goth. fulls).
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 772-773
    S.v. OLith. pìlnas 'voll, vollständig, völlig' (BSl. Latv. pil̃ns 'voll, betrunken', OPr. acc.sg. pilnan 'ganz', OCS plьnъ 'voll', etc.), from PIE *pl̥h₁-nó/éh₂- (adj.) 'voll' (cf. Ved. pūrṇá- 'voll, gefüllt, ganz, vollständig', OAv. pərəna- 'voll, gefüllt', Lat. plēnus 'voll', OIr. lán, Goth. fulls 'voll', ON fullr 'id.', TochB obl. pällent 'Vollmond').
  • Kroonen, Guus: 159
    S.v. fulla- 1 'full', from PIE *plh₁-nó- (cf. Skt. pūrṇá-, Av. pərəna-, OIr. lán, Lith. pìlnas, OCS plъnъ 'filled, full').
  • Martirosyan, Hrach: 309-310
    S.v. li 'full, abundant; perfect, whole'. Arm. li derives from either *pleh₁-(i)o- or *pleh₁-to- (cf. Gk. πλέος 'full', Skt. prātá- 'filled').
  • Matasović, Ranko: 132
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *flāno- 'full', from PIE *plh₁no- 'full'.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: II:156-157
    S.v. Ved. pūrṇá- 'voll, gefüllt' (cf. OAv., YAv. pərəna- 'voll, gefüllt' < PIE *pl̥h₁-nó-.
  • Orel, Vladimir: 335
    S.v. plotë 'full', from Proto-Albanian *plāta, identical with PIE *plēto- 'full' from *pelə- 'to fill' (cf. Skt. prātá-, Lat. com-plētus).
  • Rix, Helmut: 482
    Cf. s.v. *pleh₁- 'sich füllen, voll werden' (IEW 799).
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley: 457, 472
    For Middle and Modern Indic languages, cf. s.v. 8339 Ved. pūrṇá- 'filled, full' RV.; for Nuristan languages, cf. s.v. 8107 pāráyati (2) 'fills' Dhātup.
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 472-473
    S.v. Lat. -pleō 'to fill', from which Lat. plēnus 'full' is a derived form from PIE *pl̥h₁-no-. The root -ē- vocalism was introduced, presumably on analogy to other related vocabulary which inherited a full-grade *pleh₁-, e.g. -plēre 'to fill' (usually found with preverbs: complēre 'to fill, complete', dēplēre 'to drain, empty', etc.) < *pleh₁-.