IE-CoR - Cognate Set 82

Cognate Set 82 – Meaning: name

IE-CoR reference form:: *Hneh₃-mn̥
IE-CoR reference language:: Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:: no
Parallel derivation:: no

Justification:: Anatolian, Tocharian, Hellenic, Armenian, Albanian, Indo-Iranic, Balto-Slavic, Germanic, Italic, and Celtic lexemes reflecting the Indo-European inherited word for 'name' (cf. EIEC 390-391). Certain details of the reconstruction of the PIE word are disputed (cf. Stüber 1998:53-59), but a general shape *Hneh₃-mn̥ with different ablaut variants of the root and suffix tend to be agreed upon. Debate on the identity of the initial laryngeal as *h₁ or *h₃ hinge on interpretation of the Doric Greek forms in ἐνυμα- versus the ὄνομα forms more commonly found elsewhere (cf. esp. discussions of EWAia II:35-37, Beekes 2010:1084-1085). Cf. also Kloekhorst 2008:517-519, Adams 2013:288, Martirosyan 2010:96-97, Demiraj 1997:165, Orel 1998:87, Derksen 2015:556-557, Derksen 2008:212, Kroonen 2013:382-383, de Vaan 2008:412-413, Matasović 2009:38).
Found in clades:: Albanian, Anatolian, Armenian, Baltic, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Indic, Iranic, Italic, Nuristani, Slavic, Tocharian
Revised by:: Matthew Scarborough

Found in 13 clades by 152 lexemes.

	Language	Lexeme	Native script	Phonetic	Phonemic	Notes
18	Albanian: Gheg	êmën				From PAlb enmen- or inmen-, etymologically close to OIr ainm, Slav jbmę, PRus emnes, all meaning the same, and to other continuations of IE (o)noHmn.
17	Armenian: Western	anown	անուն	ɑˈnun	ɑnun
16	Armenian: Eastern	anown	անուն	ɑˈnun	ɑnun
25	Bengali	nām	নাম	nam
79	Bulgarian	ime	име	ˈimɘ	ˈime
98	Belarusian	ìmâ	імя	iˈmʲɑ̈	iˈmʲa
141	Catalan	nom		nɔm	nɔm
93	Czech	jméno		ˈ(j)mɛːnɔ	ˈjmeːno
110	Danish	navn		ˈnɑwˀn
116	Dutch	naam		nam
112	English	name			neɪm
104	Faroese	navn		naun
117	Flemish	naem
136	French	nom		nɔ̃	nɔ̃
114	Frisian	namme		ˈnamə
122	German	Name		ˈnaːmə	ˈnaːmə
8	Greek: Modern Std	ónoma	όνομα	ˈo̞no̞ma	ˈo̞no̞ma
29	Hindi	nāma	नाम	nɑm	nɑm
103	Icelandic	nafn		napn
161	Gaelic: Irish	ainm		ˈanʲəmʲ	ˈØˠanʲmʲ
129	Italian	nome		ˈnoːme	ˈnome
34	Kashmiri	naw	ناوء	nɑːʋ	nɑːʋ
131	Ladin	inom			iˈnom
95	Sorbian: Lower	mě		mʲɪ	mɪ
94	Sorbian: Upper	mjeno		ˈmĕɛnɔ	ˈmjɛnɔ
80	Macedonian	ime	име	ˈimɛ	ˈime
33	Marathi	nāva	नाव	naʋ
31	Nepali	nāum̐, nāma	नाउँ, नाम	na,ũ nam
88	Polish	imię		ˈimʲjɛ(ɰ̃)	ˈimje(ŋ)
144	Portuguese	nome		ˈnɔmɨ	ˈnɔmɨ
105	Norwegian: Bokmål	navn		nɑʋn	nɑʋn
97	Russian	imâ	имя	ˈimʲɐ	ˈimʲa
134	Sardinian: Logudoro	nomene		ˈnoːmɛnɛ	ˈnoːmɛnɛ
133	Sardinian: Nuoro	númene		ˈnummɛnɛ	ˈnummɛnɛ
83	Serbo-Croat	ime		ˈîmɛ	ˈîme
23	Sinhalese	nama	නම
91	Slovak	meno		ˈmɛnɔ	ˈmeno
85	Slovene	ime		iˈméː	iˈméː
143	Spanish	nombre		ˈnɔmbɾe	ˈnombɾe
109	Swedish	namn		namn
99	Ukrainian	ìmâ	ім’я	iˈmʲjɑ̈	iˈmja
51	Wakhi	nung			nuŋ
137	Walloon	nom		nõ	nõ
78	Old Church Slavonic	imę	имѧ	imɛ̃	imẽ
1	Hittite	lāman	la-a-ma-an
3	Tocharian A	ñom		ɲom	ɲom	The vocalism points to PIE acrostatic h₁nḗh₃-mn̥ > PToch. ñemə, but other cognates are consistent with a proterokinetic paradigm.
4	Tocharian B	ñem		ɲem	ɲemə	Toch. A ñom points to PIE acrostatic h₁nḗh₃-mn̥ > PToch. ñemə, but other cognates are consistent with a proterokinetic paradigm.
124	Latin	nōmen		ˈnoːmen	ˈnoːmen	gen. nōminis
6	Greek: Ancient	ónoma	ὄνομα	ó̞no̞ma	ó̞no̞ma	G.sg. ὀνόματος.
26	Maithili	nam	नाम	nɑm
21	Vedic: Early	nā́ma	नाम	ˈnaːmɐ	náːma
56	Kurdish N.: Bahdini	nav		nɑːv	nɑv
30	Urdu	nām	نام	nɑm
77	Old Prussian	emmens				also emnes
121	Luxembourgish	Numm		num	num
130	Friulian	non		ˈnɔŋ	ˈnɔn
46	Avestan: Younger	nāman	𐬥𐬁𐬨𐬀𐬥		naːman	YAv. variant nąman
158	Old Irish	ainm		ˈænʲɪmʲ	ˈanʲəmʲ
72	Ossetic: Iron	nom	ном	nom	nom
73	Ossetic: Digor	nom	ном	nom	nom
15	Armenian: Classical	anown	անուն	ɑˈnun	ɑnu-ɑn-
65	Old Persian	nāman	𐎴𐎠𐎶𐎴		naːman
146	Oscan	numneís				Native script: numneís (gen. sg., Sa 17), num(nud) (abl. sg., Cp 32)
147	Umbrian	numem				Native script: numem (nom./acc.sg., Ib 17 (2x)). Latin script: nome (nom./acc.sg., 13x between VIa 30, - VIIa 47), nomner (gen.sg., VIb 54,59, VIIa 12,48), nomne (dat.sg., 40x between VIa 24 - VIa 51), nomne (abl.sg., VIa 17), nomneper (abl.sg. + postpos. -per, 40x between VIa 23 - VIIa 35).
2	Luvian	ataman-	a-ta₅-ma-za (HL)			only HL; cf. lyd. ẽtamν.
148	Gaulish	anuana				This attested form is plural. (The expected sg. is anuan.)
19	Albanian: Standard	emër				Also emën.
27	Magahi	nām	नाम	nɑm
160	Gaelic: Manx	ennym		ˈenəm	ˈenəm	ainm
149	Old Welsh	anu		anʉ
13	Tsakonian: Peloponnese	ónouma	όνουμα	ˈo̞numa	ˈo̞numa
108	Old Swedish	namn		nampn	namn
107	Elfdalian	nammen		ˈnɑ́mːɛn	ˈnɑ́mːɛn
22	Pali	nāma		naːmɐ	naːma
155	Middle Breton	hanu, hano, hanou, hanoff		ˈaːnv, aːno
67	Persian: Tehran	nām	نام	nɒːm, nuːm	nɒm
49	Khotanese	nāma		nɑːmɐ	naːma	Stem nāman-
7	Greek: New Testament	ónoma	ὄνομα	ˈo̞no̞ma	ˈo̞no̞ma	> 30 attestations in the NT.
90	Polabian	jaimą, jaimă		ˈjaimaɯ̃, ˈjaimɜ	ˈjaimaŋ	Also 'jaimü'.
89	Kashubian	jimiã		ˈjimjɒ	ˈjimjaŋ
66	Middle Persian	nām	nʾm	nɑːm	naːm	ZP nʾm
55	Parthian	nām	nʾm	nɑːm	naːm
11	Greek: Cypriot	ónoman	όνομαν	ˈɔnɔmɐn	ˈɔnɔmɐn
14	Tsakonian: Propontis	ónoma	όνομα	ˈo̞no̞ma	ˈo̞no̞ma
9	Greek: Cappadocian	ónoma	όνομα	ˈonoma	ˈonoma
12	Greek: Italiot	nóma	νόμα	ˈno̞ma	ˈno̞ma	It.
10	Greek: Pontic	ónoma(n)	όνομα(ν)	ˈo̞no̞ma(n)	ˈo̞no̞ma(n)	also /ˈo̞ne̞man/
125	Romanian	nume		ˈnume	ˈnume
128	Neapolitan	nomme		ˈnɔmmə	ˈnɔmmə
135	Anglo-Norman	nom
139	Franco-Provençal	non		ˈnõ	ˈnõ
142	Old Spanish	nomne, nombre			ˈnomne, ˈnombɾe
35	Palula	nóo	نو	n̪oː	nóo
53	Yaghnobi	nōm
159	Gaelic: Scottish	ainm			ɛnɛm
157	Breton: Treger	ano		ˈãːno	ˈãno
156	Breton: Gwened	hanw		han
151	Welsh: North	enw		ˈɛnu	ˈenu
28	Bhojpuri	nām	नाम	nɑm
87	Old Polish	imię		ˈ(j)imʲã̠	ˈimʲã	'Miono' is rare.
150	Middle Welsh	enw			enu
92	Old Czech	jmě		jmʲe	jmje
96	Old Novgorod	imę	имѧ	ˈimʲæ	ˈimʲæ
100	Rusyn	ɪmn′á		ˈɪm(nʲ/ɲ)ɑ̈	ˈɪmnʲa
71	Kumzari	nām		naːm	naːm
81	Macedonian: Suho	ìm′ḁ		ˈimʲɐ	ˈimæ
82	Macedonian: Visoka	ìm′ḁ		ˈimʲɐ	ˈimæ
86	Slovene: Kostel	ime		ˈime̝ː	ˈime̝ː
84	Slovene: Early Modern	imè
54	Bactrian	namo	ναμο		naːm
123	German: Bernese	Name		namə	namə
24	Assamese	nām	নাম	nɑm
32	Punjabi	nāⁿ, nām	ਨਾਂ , ਨਾਮ
62	Tati	nom			nom
48	Sogdian	nām	nʾm		naːm
63	Mazanderani	num			num
68	Bakhtiari	num		num	num
70	Lari	nom			nom
64	Balochi: Sistani	nām			nɑm
57	Kurdish C.: Jafi	nāw			nɑw
138	Old Occitan	noum
126	Megleno-Romanian	númi
140	Old Catalan	nom		nɔm	nɔm
37	Gawarbati	naam	نام	n̪ãːm	naːm	GM nam
50	Pashto	noom	نوم	nuːm	nuːm
60	Hawrami	nāmē			nɑmeː
58	Kurdish S.: Elami	nām			nɒm
47	Khwarazmian	nāmik	nʾmyk		naːmik
36	Gawri	nām	نام	n̪ɒ̃ːm̥	nɒːm H(L)
38	Khowar	nam	نام	nɑm	nɑm
127	Dalmatian: Vegliote	nam			nam
119	Old High German	namo		ˈnamo	ˈnamo
52	Sarikoli	num			num
113	Old Frisian	noma		ˈnoma	ˈnoma
120	Middle High German	name		ˈnamə	ˈnamə
111	Old English	nama		ˈnɑmɑ	ˈnɑmɑ
118	Old Saxon	namo		ˈnamo	ˈnamo
115	Middle Dutch	name		ˈnaːmə	ˈnaːmə
102	Old Icelandic	nafn		navn	nafn
101	Gothic	namo	𐌽𐌰𐌼𐍉	ˈnamoː	ˈnamoː
152	Middle Cornish	hanow			ˈhanow
153	Late Cornish	hanou, hanaw			ˈhanow
106	Norwegian: Nynorsk	namn		nɑmn	nɑmn
145	Portuguese: Brazilian	nome
45	Vâsi-vari: Paṣki	n′am	nəm	nˈɨm	nˈɨm
39	Pashai: North-West	nomə	نومه	ˈnoːmə	noːmə
40	Kamviri	n′om		nˈo̞m	nˈo̞m
41	Kâta-vari: Eastern	n′om	nom	nˈo̞m	nˈo̞m
42	Kâta-vari: Ktivi	n′um		nˈum	nˈum
43	Kalaṣa-alâ: Nišeigrâm	nâm		nˈa̞m	nˈa̞m
59	Kurdish S.: Qorveh	nāw			nɑw
132	Milanese	nòm			nom

References: Adams, Douglas Q.: 288
S.v. TochB ñem* 'name', which along with TochA ñom reflect Proto-Tocharian *ñēmä, as though from PIE *h₁nēmn̥, a variant of the more usual *h₁nōmn̥ (cf. Skt. nā́ma, Av. nāma, Gk. ὄνομα, Arm. anun, etc.).
Beekes, Robert: 1084-1085
S.v. ὄνομα, -ατος 'name' gramm. 'word', from PIE *h₃neh₃-mn, *h₃neh₃-mn-, *h₃nh₃-men- 'name'.
Demiraj, Bardhyl: 165
S.v. Alb. ém/ër, -ri 'Name; Benennung'. From the IE inherited word for 'name' (cf. OCS imę, OPr. emnes, OIr. ainm, etc.).
Derksen, Rick: 556-557
S.v. OPruss. emmens. The Anlaut of the Old Prussian form points to an original zero-grade *h₃nh₃-men-.
Derksen, Rick: 212
S.v. Proto-Slavic *jьmę 'name', from PIE *h₃nh₃-men- (cf. Skt. nā́man-, Gk. ὄνομα, Lat. nōmen, etc.).
Kloekhorst, Alwin: 517-519
S.v. Hitt. lāman- / lamn- 'name; reputation', from PIE *h₃néh₃mn (cf. Lat. nōmen, Skt. nā́man-, Goth. namo, Gk. ὄνομα, Phr. onoman, Arm. anun, OIr. ainm 'name', etc.). In Proto-Anatolian there was a nasal dissimilation *n … mn > *l … mn.
Kroonen, Guus: 382-383
S.v. Proto-Germanic *namōn- 'name', from PIE *h₃nh̥₃-men- (cf. Hitt. lāman- 'name', HLuv. álaman- 'id.', Lyc. alãman 'id.', TochA ñom, TochB ñem 'id.', Skt. nāman-, Av. nāman 'id.', Gk. ὄνομα 'id.' Phryg. onoman 'id.', Arm. anun 'id.' Alb. emër 'id.', OCS imę, OPr. emmens 'id.').
Martirosyan, Hrach: 96-97
S.v. Arm. anun 'name; fame', connected to the IE words for name (Gk. ὄνομα, Lat. nōmen, Skt. nā́man-, Goth. namo, OCS imę, etc.), from PIE *h₃éh₃-mn.
Matasović, Ranko: 38
S.v. Proto-Celtic *anman- 'name', from PIE *h₃nomn 'name' (cf. Hitt. lāman-, Skt. nā́man-, Lat. nōmen, Gk. ὄνομα, Goth. namo, OPruss. emmens, Russ. ímja, Alb. emër, TochB ñom, Arm. anun).
Mayrhofer, Manfred: II:35-37
S.v. Ved. nā́man- 'Name, Benennung, Kennzeichen, Wesen, Eigentumlichkeit', from PIE *Hnéh₃-men- (in paradigmatic ablaut with *Hnh₃-mn-, *Hnh₃-mon-), cf. Gk. ὄνομα (Dor. ενυμα- in personal names, Hom. νώνυμ[ν]ος 'nameless'), Arm. anown, Lat. nōmen, Goth. namo, OIr. ainm, OCS imę, Hitt. lāman- TochB ñem, TochA ñom, etc. 'Name'.
Orel, Vladimir: 87
S.v. Alb. emër ~ emën 'name', from Proto-Albanian *enmen- or *inmen, from PIE *(o)noHmn̥.
Scarborough, Matthew:
Certain details of the reconstruction of the PIE word are disputed (cf. Stüber 1998:53-59), but a general shape *Hneh₃-mn̥ with different ablaut variants of the root and suffix tend to be agreed upon. Debate on the identity of the initial laryngeal as *h₁ or *h₃ hinge on interpretation of the Doric Greek forms in ἐνυμα- versus the ὄνομα forms more commonly found elsewhere.
Stüber, Karin: 53-59
Discusses the different reconstructions of the PIE word.
de Vaan, Michiel: 412-413
S.v. Lat. nōmen 'name', from PIE *h₃neh₃-mn, *h₃nh₃-men- 'name' (cf. OIr. ainm, Hitt. lāman, HLuw. álaman-, Skt. nā́man-, Av. nāman-, Gk. ὄνομα, Phryg. onoman, Arm. anown, Alb. emër (< *emën); TochA ñom, TochB ñem, OPruss. emmens, OCS imę, Goth. namo, OE nama, OIc. nafn).