IE-CoR - Cognate Set 82

Cognate Set 82 – Meaning: name

IE-CoR reference form:: *Hneh₃-mn̥
IE-CoR reference language:: Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:: no
Parallel derivation:: no

Justification:: Anatolian, Tocharian, Hellenic, Armenian, Albanian, Indo-Iranic, Balto-Slavic, Germanic, Italic, and Celtic lexemes reflecting the Indo-European inherited word for 'name' (cf. EIEC 390-391). Certain details of the reconstruction of the PIE word are disputed (cf. Stüber 1998:53-59), but a general shape *Hneh₃-mn̥ with different ablaut variants of the root and suffix tend to be agreed upon. Debate on the identity of the initial laryngeal as *h₁ or *h₃ hinge on interpretation of the Doric Greek forms in ἐνυμα- versus the ὄνομα forms more commonly found elsewhere (cf. esp. discussions of EWAia II:35-37, Beekes 2010:1084-1085). Cf. also Kloekhorst 2008:517-519, Adams 2013:288, Martirosyan 2010:96-97, Demiraj 1997:165, Orel 1998:87, Derksen 2015:556-557, Derksen 2008:212, Kroonen 2013:382-383, de Vaan 2008:412-413, Matasović 2009:38).
Found in clades:: Albanian, Anatolian, Armenian, Balto-Slavic, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Indo-Iranic, Italic, Tocharian
Revised by:: Matthew Scarborough

Found in 10 clades by 151 lexemes.

	Language	Lexeme	Native script	Phonetic	Phonemic	Notes
16	Albanian: Gheg	êmën				From PAlb enmen- or inmen-, etymologically close to OIr ainm, Slav jbmę, PRus emnes, all meaning the same, and to other continuations of IE (o)noHmn.
15	Armenian: Western	anown	անուն	ɑˈnun	ɑnun
14	Armenian: Eastern	anown	անուն	ɑˈnun	ɑnun
23	Bengali	nām	নাম	nam
77	Bulgarian	ime	име	ˈimɘ	ˈime
96	Belarusian	ìmâ	імя	iˈmʲɑ̈	iˈmʲa
140	Catalan	nom		nɔm	nɔm
91	Czech	jméno		ˈ(j)mɛːnɔ	ˈjmeːno
108	Danish	navn		ˈnɑwˀn
114	Dutch	naam		nam
110	English	name			neɪm
102	Faroese	navn		naun
115	Flemish	naem
135	French	nom		nɔ̃	nɔ̃
112	Frisian	namme		ˈnamə
120	German	Name		ˈnaːmə	ˈnaːmə
8	Greek: Modern Std	ónoma	όνομα	ˈo̞no̞ma	ˈo̞no̞ma
27	Hindi	nāma	नाम	nɑm	nɑm
101	Icelandic	nafn		napn
160	Gaelic: Irish	ainm		ˈanʲəmʲ	ˈØˠanʲmʲ
127	Italian	nome		ˈnoːme	ˈnome
32	Kashmiri	naw	ناوء	nɑːʋ	nɑːʋ
129	Ladin	inom			iˈnom
93	Sorbian: Lower	mě		mʲɪ	mɪ
92	Sorbian: Upper	mjeno		ˈmĕɛnɔ	ˈmjɛnɔ
78	Macedonian	ime	име	ˈimɛ	ˈime
31	Marathi	nāva	नाव	naʋ
29	Nepali	nāum̐, nāma	नाउँ, नाम	na,ũ nam
86	Polish	imię		ˈimʲjɛ(ɰ̃)	ˈimje(ŋ)
143	Portuguese	nome		ˈnɔmɨ	ˈnɔmɨ
103	Norwegian: Bokmål	navn		nɑʋn	nɑʋn
95	Russian	imâ	имя	ˈimʲɐ	ˈimʲa
132	Sardinian: Logudoro	nomene		ˈnoːmɛnɛ	ˈnoːmɛnɛ
131	Sardinian: Nuoro	númene		ˈnummɛnɛ	ˈnummɛnɛ
81	Serbo-Croat	ime		ˈîmɛ	ˈîme
21	Sinhalese	nama	නම
89	Slovak	meno		ˈmɛnɔ	ˈmeno
83	Slovene	ime		iˈméː	iˈméː
142	Spanish	nombre		ˈnɔmbɾe	ˈnombɾe
107	Swedish	namn		namn
97	Ukrainian	ìmâ	ім’я	iˈmʲjɑ̈	iˈmja
49	Wakhi	nung			nuŋ
136	Walloon	nom		nõ	nõ
76	Old Church Slavonic	imę	имѧ	imɛ̃	imẽ
1	Hittite	lāman	la-a-ma-an			Cf. CHD L-N 31-36 for attestations and discussion
3	Tocharian A	ñom		ɲom	ɲom	The vocalism points to PIE acrostatic h₁nḗh₃-mn̥ > PToch. ñemə, but other cognates are consistent with a proterokinetic paradigm.
4	Tocharian B	ñem		ɲem	ɲemə	Toch. A ñom points to PIE acrostatic h₁nḗh₃-mn̥ > PToch. ñemə, but other cognates are consistent with a proterokinetic paradigm.
122	Latin	nōmen		ˈnoːmen	ˈnoːmen	gen. nōminis
6	Greek: Ancient	ónoma	ὄνομα	ó̞no̞ma	ó̞no̞ma	G.sg. ὀνόματος.
24	Maithili	nam	नाम	nɑm
19	Vedic: Early	nā́ma	नाम	ˈnaːmɐ	náːma
54	Kurdish N.: Bahdini	nav		nɑːv	nɑv
28	Urdu	nām	نام	nɑm
75	Old Prussian	emmens				also emnes
119	Luxembourgish	Numm		num	num
128	Friulian	non		ˈnɔŋ	ˈnɔn
44	Avestan: Younger	nāman	𐬥𐬁𐬨𐬀𐬥		naːman	YAv. variant nąman
157	Old Irish	ainm		ˈænʲɪmʲ	ˈanʲəmʲ
63	Ossetic: Iron	nom	ном	nom	nom
64	Ossetic: Digor	nom	ном	nom	nom
13	Armenian: Classical	anown	անուն	ɑˈnun	ɑnu-ɑn-
65	Old Persian	nāman	𐎴𐎠𐎶𐎴		naːman
145	Oscan	numneís				Native script: numneís (gen. sg., Sa 17), num(nud) (abl. sg., Cp 32)
146	Umbrian	numem				Native script: numem (nom./acc.sg., Ib 17 (2x)). Latin script: nome (nom./acc.sg., 13x between VIa 30, - VIIa 47), nomner (gen.sg., VIb 54,59, VIIa 12,48), nomne (dat.sg., 40x between VIa 24 - VIa 51), nomne (abl.sg., VIa 17), nomneper (abl.sg. + postpos. -per, 40x between VIa 23 - VIIa 35).
2	Luvian	ataman-	a-ta₅-ma-za (HL)			only HL; cf. lyd. ẽtamν.
147	Gaulish	anuana				This attested form is plural. (The expected sg. is anuan.)
17	Albanian: Standard	emër				Also emën.
25	Magahi	nām	नाम	nɑm
159	Gaelic: Manx	ennym		ˈenəm	ˈenəm	ainm
148	Old Welsh	anu		anʉ
106	Old Swedish	namn		nampn	namn
105	Elfdalian	nammen		ˈnɑ́mːɛn	ˈnɑ́mːɛn
20	Pali	nāma		naːmɐ	naːma
154	Middle Breton	hanu, hano, hanou, hanoff		ˈaːnv, aːno
67	Persian: Tehran	nām	نام	nɒːm, nuːm	nɒm
47	Khotanese	nāma		nɑːmɐ	naːma	Stem nāman-
7	Greek: New Testament	ónoma	ὄνομα	ˈo̞no̞ma	ˈo̞no̞ma	> 30 attestations in the NT.
88	Polabian	jaimą, jaimă		ˈjaimaɯ̃, ˈjaimɜ	ˈjaimaŋ	Also 'jaimü'.
87	Kashubian	jimiã		ˈjimjɒ	ˈjimjaŋ
66	Middle Persian	nām	nʾm	nɑːm	naːm	ZP nʾm
53	Parthian	nām	nʾm	nɑːm	naːm
11	Greek: Cypriot	ónoman	όνομαν	ˈɔnɔmɐn	ˈɔnɔmɐn
9	Greek: Cappadocian	ónoma	όνομα	ˈonoma	ˈonoma
12	Greek: Italiot	nóma	νόμα	ˈno̞ma	ˈno̞ma	It.
10	Greek: Pontic	ónoma(n)	όνομα(ν)	ˈo̞no̞ma(n)	ˈo̞no̞ma(n)	also /ˈo̞ne̞man/
123	Romanian	nume		ˈnume	ˈnume
126	Neapolitan	nomme		ˈnɔmmə	ˈnɔmmə
133	Old French	nom
134	Anglo-Norman	nom
138	Franco-Provençal	non		ˈnõ	ˈnõ
141	Old Spanish	nomne, nombre			ˈnomne, ˈnombɾe
33	Palula	nóo	نو	n̪oː	nóo
51	Yaghnobi	nōm
158	Gaelic: Scottish	ainm			ɛnɛm
156	Breton: Treger	ano		ˈãːno	ˈãno
155	Breton: Gwened	hanw		han
150	Welsh: North	enw		ˈɛnu	ˈenu
26	Bhojpuri	nām	नाम	nɑm
85	Old Polish	imię		ˈ(j)imʲã̠	ˈimʲã	'Miono' is rare.
149	Middle Welsh	enw			enu
90	Old Czech	jmě		jmʲe	jmje
94	Old Novgorod	imę	имѧ	ˈimʲæ	ˈimʲæ
98	Rusyn	ɪmn′á		ˈɪm(nʲ/ɲ)ɑ̈	ˈɪmnʲa
71	Kumzari	nām		naːm	naːm
79	Macedonian: Suho	ìm′ḁ		ˈimʲɐ	ˈimæ
80	Macedonian: Visoka	ìm′ḁ		ˈimʲɐ	ˈimæ
84	Slovene: Kostel	ime		ˈime̝ː	ˈime̝ː
82	Slovene: Early Modern	imè
52	Bactrian	namo	ναμο		naːm
121	German: Bernese	Name		namə	namə
22	Assamese	nām	নাম	nɑm
30	Punjabi	nāⁿ, nām	ਨਾਂ , ਨਾਮ
60	Tati	nom			nom
46	Sogdian	nām	nʾm		naːm
61	Mazanderani	num			num
68	Bakhtiari	num		num	num
70	Lari	nom			nom
62	Balochi: Sistani	nām			nɑm
55	Kurdish C.: Jafi	nāw			nɑw
137	Old Occitan	noum
124	Megleno-Romanian	númi
139	Old Catalan	nom		nɔm	nɔm
35	Gawarbati	naam	نام	n̪ãːm	naːm	GM nam
48	Pashto	noom	نوم	nuːm	nuːm
58	Hawrami	nāmē			nɑmeː
56	Kurdish S.: Elami	nām			nɒm
45	Khwarazmian	nāmik	nʾmyk		naːmik
34	Gawri	nām	نام	n̪ɒ̃ːm̥	nɒːm H(L)
36	Khowar	nam	نام	nɑm	nɑm
125	Dalmatian: Vegliote	nam			nam
117	Old High German	namo		ˈnamo	ˈnamo
50	Sarikoli	num			num
111	Old Frisian	noma		ˈnoma	ˈnoma
118	Middle High German	name		ˈnamə	ˈnamə
109	Old English	nama		ˈnɑmɑ	ˈnɑmɑ
116	Old Saxon	namo		ˈnamo	ˈnamo
113	Middle Dutch	name		ˈnaːmə	ˈnaːmə
100	Old Icelandic	nafn		navn	nafn
99	Gothic	namo	𐌽𐌰𐌼𐍉	ˈnamoː	ˈnamoː
151	Middle Cornish	hanow			ˈhanow
152	Late Cornish	hanou, hanaw			ˈhanow
104	Norwegian: Nynorsk	namn		nɑmn	nɑmn
144	Portuguese: Brazilian	nome
43	Vâsi-vari: Paṣki	n′am	nəm	nˈɨm	nˈɨm
37	Pashai: North-West	nomə	نومه	ˈnoːmə	noːmə
38	Kamviri	n′om		nˈo̞m	nˈo̞m
39	Kâta-vari: Eastern	n′om	nom	nˈo̞m	nˈo̞m
40	Kâta-vari: Ktivi	n′um		nˈum	nˈum
41	Kalaṣa-alâ: Nišeigrâm	nâm		nˈa̞m	nˈa̞m
57	Kurdish S.: Qorveh	nāw			nɑw
130	Milanese	nòm			nom

References: Adams, Douglas Q.: 288
S.v. TochB ñem* 'name', which along with TochA ñom reflect Proto-Tocharian *ñēmä, as though from PIE *h₁nēmn̥, a variant of the more usual *h₁nōmn̥ (cf. Skt. nā́ma, Av. nāma, Gk. ὄνομα, Arm. anun, etc.).
Beekes, Robert: 1084-1085
S.v. ὄνομα, -ατος 'name' gramm. 'word', from PIE *h₃neh₃-mn, *h₃neh₃-mn-, *h₃nh₃-men- 'name'.
Demiraj, Bardhyl: 165
S.v. Alb. ém/ër, -ri 'Name; Benennung'. From the IE inherited word for 'name' (cf. OCS imę, OPr. emnes, OIr. ainm, etc.).
Derksen, Rick: 556-557
S.v. OPruss. emmens. The Anlaut of the Old Prussian form points to an original zero-grade *h₃nh₃-men-.
Derksen, Rick: 212
S.v. Proto-Slavic *jьmę 'name', from PIE *h₃nh₃-men- (cf. Skt. nā́man-, Gk. ὄνομα, Lat. nōmen, etc.).
Kloekhorst, Alwin: 517-519
S.v. Hitt. lāman- / lamn- 'name; reputation', from PIE *h₃néh₃mn (cf. Lat. nōmen, Skt. nā́man-, Goth. namo, Gk. ὄνομα, Phr. onoman, Arm. anun, OIr. ainm 'name', etc.). In Proto-Anatolian there was a nasal dissimilation *n … mn > *l … mn.
Kroonen, Guus: 382-383
S.v. Proto-Germanic *namōn- 'name', from PIE *h₃nh̥₃-men- (cf. Hitt. lāman- 'name', HLuv. álaman- 'id.', Lyc. alãman 'id.', TochA ñom, TochB ñem 'id.', Skt. nāman-, Av. nāman 'id.', Gk. ὄνομα 'id.' Phryg. onoman 'id.', Arm. anun 'id.' Alb. emër 'id.', OCS imę, OPr. emmens 'id.').
Martirosyan, Hrach: 96-97
S.v. Arm. anun 'name; fame', connected to the IE words for name (Gk. ὄνομα, Lat. nōmen, Skt. nā́man-, Goth. namo, OCS imę, etc.), from PIE *h₃éh₃-mn.
Matasović, Ranko: 38
S.v. Proto-Celtic *anman- 'name', from PIE *h₃nomn 'name' (cf. Hitt. lāman-, Skt. nā́man-, Lat. nōmen, Gk. ὄνομα, Goth. namo, OPruss. emmens, Russ. ímja, Alb. emër, TochB ñom, Arm. anun).
Mayrhofer, Manfred: II:35-37
S.v. Ved. nā́man- 'Name, Benennung, Kennzeichen, Wesen, Eigentumlichkeit', from PIE *Hnéh₃-men- (in paradigmatic ablaut with *Hnh₃-mn-, *Hnh₃-mon-), cf. Gk. ὄνομα (Dor. ενυμα- in personal names, Hom. νώνυμ[ν]ος 'nameless'), Arm. anown, Lat. nōmen, Goth. namo, OIr. ainm, OCS imę, Hitt. lāman- TochB ñem, TochA ñom, etc. 'Name'.
Orel, Vladimir: 87
S.v. Alb. emër ~ emën 'name', from Proto-Albanian *enmen- or *inmen, from PIE *(o)noHmn̥.
Scarborough, Matthew:
Certain details of the reconstruction of the PIE word are disputed (cf. Stüber 1998:53-59), but a general shape *Hneh₃-mn̥ with different ablaut variants of the root and suffix tend to be agreed upon. Debate on the identity of the initial laryngeal as *h₁ or *h₃ hinge on interpretation of the Doric Greek forms in ἐνυμα- versus the ὄνομα forms more commonly found elsewhere.
Stüber, Karin: 53-59
Discusses the different reconstructions of the PIE word.
de Vaan, Michiel: 412-413
S.v. Lat. nōmen 'name', from PIE *h₃neh₃-mn, *h₃nh₃-men- 'name' (cf. OIr. ainm, Hitt. lāman, HLuw. álaman-, Skt. nā́man-, Av. nāman-, Gk. ὄνομα, Phryg. onoman, Arm. anown, Alb. emër (< *emën); TochA ñom, TochB ñem, OPruss. emmens, OCS imę, Goth. namo, OE nama, OIc. nafn).