Cognate Set 86 – Meaning: new

IE-CoR reference form:
*neu̯-
IE-CoR reference language:
Proto-Indo-European
Ideophonic:
no
Parallel derivation:
no
Justification:
Anatolian, Tocharian, Hellenic, Armenian, Indo-Iranic, Balto-Slavic, Germanic, Italic, and Celtic lexemes derived from PIE *neu̯- 'new' (NIL 524-526, cf. Kloekhorst 2008:605, Adams 2013:287-288, Beekes 2010:1009, Hübschmann 1897:479, EWAia II:25, ALEW 690-691, Derksen 2015:330-331, ESSJa 26:9-13, Derksen 2008:357, Kroonen 2013:389, de Vaan 2008:416, {ref Matasović 2009:293). Not the same root as PIE *neu̯- 'to nod, tilt (the head)' (cf. LIV² 455-456)
Found in clades:
Anatolian, Armenian, Baltic, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Indic, Iranic, Italic, Nuristani, Slavic, Tocharian
Revised by:
Matthew Scarborough
Found in 12 clades by 139 lexemes.
Language Lexeme Native script Phonetic Phonemic Notes
17   Armenian: Western nor նոր nɔɾ nɔɾ
16   Armenian: Eastern nor նոր nɔɾ nɔɾ
25   Bengali natun নতুন not̪un
79   Bulgarian nov нов nɔf nov
98   Belarusian novy новы ˈnɔvɨ ˈnovi
141   Catalan nou nɔw nɔw
93   Czech nový ˈnɔviː ˈnoviː
110   Danish ny ˈnyˀ
116   Dutch nieuw niw
112   English new njuː Middle English newe, Old English nīwe, nēowe
104   Faroese nýggjur ˈnʊd̥ʒːʊɹ
117   Flemish nieuw
136   French nouveau nuvo nuvo
114   Frisian nij nɛi
122   German neu ˈnɔɪ ˈnɔɪ
29   Hindi nayā नया n̪əjɑ n̪əjɑ
103   Icelandic nýr niːr
161   Gaelic: Irish nua ˈn̪ˠuə ˈn̪ˠuə
129   Italian nuovo ˈnwɔːvo ˈnwɔvo
34   Kashmiri now وکِبس noʋ noʋ
131   Ladin nuef ˈnue̯f
76   Lithuanian naũjas ˈnɐuˑjɛs ˈnauˑjas
95   Sorbian: Lower nowy ˈnowɘ̟ ˈnowɘ̟
94   Sorbian: Upper nowy ˈno.ɘ̟, no ˈno.ɘ̟
80   Macedonian nov нов no̞f nov
33   Marathi navīna नवीन nəʋiːn
31   Nepali nayām̐ नयाँ nʌjã
88   Polish nowy ˈnɔvɘ̟ ˈnovɨ
144   Portuguese novo ˈnovu ˈnovu
105   Norwegian: Bokmål ny nyː nyː
97   Russian novyj новый ˈnɔvɘj ˈnovij
134   Sardinian: Logudoro nou ˈnoː.u ˈnoː.u
133   Sardinian: Nuoro nóu ˈnoː.u ˈnoː.u
83   Serbo-Croat nov nɔ̂v nôv
91   Slovak nový ˈnɔviː ˈnoviː
85   Slovene nov nɔ́w nɔv
143   Spanish nuevo ˈnweβo ˈnwebo
109   Swedish ny nyː
99   Ukrainian novij новий nɔˈvɪj noˈvɪj
137   Walloon novê nɔˈvɛ nɔˈvɛ
1   Hittite nēu̯a- *ne-e-u̯a-aš Nom.sg.com. form attested by Sumerographic writing GIBIL-aš. The native script form *ne-e-u̯a-aš has been reconstructed from the attested accusative form ne-e-u̯a-an.
3   Tocharian A ñu ɲu ɲu
4   Tocharian B ñuwe ˈɲuwe ɲəwe Also derivative ñwetstse.
6   Greek: Ancient néos νέος né̞o̞s né̞o̞s G.sg. νέου; νέος, νέα, νέον.
124   Latin nouus ˈnowus ˈnowus gen. nouī
78   Old Church Slavonic novŭ новъ nɔʋʊ̆ novʊ
77   Old Prussian nawans
121   Luxembourgish nei nɑɪ nɑɪ
21   Vedic: Early náva- नव- ˈnɐʋɐ- náva- ~ návya- ~ návia- ~ návīya-
30   Urdu nayā نیا nəjɑ
26   Maithili nab नब nəb
56   Kurdish N.: Bahdini ni ni
130   Friulian gnûf ˈɲuːf ˈɲuːf Msg., fsg. gnove, mpl. gnûfs, gnovis.
46   Avestan: Younger nauua 𐬥𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 nau̯a
158   Old Irish nue ˈn̪ˠu.e ˈn̪u.e
72   Ossetic: Iron nog ног noɡ noɡ
73   Ossetic: Digor næwæg нӕуӕг nɜwɜɡ nɜwɜɡ
15   Armenian: Classical nor նոր nɔɾ nɔɾ-ɔ-
148   Gaulish nouiios
160   Gaelic: Manx noa noː noː nódh
154   Old Breton nouuid
149   Old Welsh nouid neuɨð
107   Elfdalian ny nyː nyː old nominative form: nyr
108   Old Swedish nyr nyːr nyːr
22   Pali nava nɐʋɐ nava
5   Greek: Mycenaean ne-wo 𐀚𐀺 néu̯o- néu̯o- Adj. N.sg.neut. attested in KN Fh 362.1, etc. See DMic. for full range of attestations. Generally interpreted to be identical with Ancient Greek νέος 'new, young'
155   Middle Breton neuez, nevez ˈneːveð
49   Khotanese nūvarä nuwɐrə nuu̯arə
2   Luvian nāu̯a/i- na-a-ú-u̯a-ti (CL) Native script form is abl.-instr.
67   Persian: Tehran naw نو now nou̯
90   Polabian nüvĕ ˈnyvɘ ˈnyvɘ
89   Kashubian nowi ˈnɔvɘ̟ ˈnovi
66   Middle Persian nōg nwg noːɣ noːɡ ZP nwk
55   Parthian nawāg nwʾg naˈwɑːɡ nawaːɡ AF nwʾʾg
147   Umbrian nuvis Root for 'new' attested in: Native script: nuvis (nom.sg., IIa 25), nuvime (acc.sg. + postpos. -en, IIa 26).
53   Yaghnobi náwa ˈnaβ̞a
125   Romanian nou now now
128   Neapolitan nuovo ˈnwovə ˈnwovə
135   Anglo-Norman noef and novel
139   Franco-Provençal nuvo ˈnʲyvɞ̞ ˈnyvɔ
142   Old Spanish nuevo ˈnweβo
157   Breton: Treger neweż ˈne̞ːwe ˈnewe
156   Breton: Gwened nëwiż nœɥi
151   Welsh: North newydd ˈnɛwɨð ˈnewɨð
7   Greek: New Testament néos νέος ˈne̞o̞s ˈne̞o̞s Cf. Mt 9:17, Mk 2:22, Lk 5:37-39, etc. Also widely attested in derived vocabulary.
27   Magahi nayā नया nəjɑ
28   Bhojpuri nayā नया n̪əjɑ
35   Palula náawu ناووۡ ˈn̪aːʋu náawu
87   Old Polish nowy ˈnɔvɨː ˈnoviː
150   Middle Welsh newyd neuɨð
92   Old Czech nový ˈnɔβɨː ˈnoviː
96   Old Novgorod novyi новый ˈnoʋʲɛjɪ̆ ˈnovʲɛjɪ
100   Rusyn novώj ˈnŭɔ(v/β)ɤ̟j ˈnovɯj
71   Kumzari nō noː noː
81   Macedonian: Suho nòf no̞f nov
82   Macedonian: Visoka nòf no̞ɸ nov
86   Slovene: Kostel nov no̞ːf noːv
84   Slovene: Early Modern nov
54   Bactrian nōgo νωγο noːɡ
123   German: Bernese nöi nœɪ nœɪ
24   Assamese nôtun নতুন nɔtun Beng.
32   Punjabi navāⁿ ਨਵਾਂ
62   Tati nu nu
48   Sogdian nawi nwy nɐˈwi nau̯i
63   Mazanderani nu nu
68   Bakhtiari naw nəw naʋ
69   Delvari now now
70   Lari now now
64   Balochi: Sistani nōkēn nokeːn
138   Old Occitan nouveou feminine: nouvela
126   Megleno-Romanian nou̯
47   Khwarazmian nǝwik nwyk nəu̯ik variant nwk and ʾnwk, f. nwc
140   Old Catalan nou nɔw nɔw
37   Gawarbati nunga نُنگہ n̪uˑŋˈɡɞ nunɡa GM n'uŋga
38   Khowar nooɣ نوغ n̪ɔːχ nɔ̀ɣ
50   Pashto nawe نوۍ ˈnə.we nəwe
58   Kurdish S.: Elami nū nuː
36   Gawri näm نٞم n̪əm̥ nam H
127   Dalmatian: Vegliote nuf nuv
119   Old High German niuui ˈniu̯wi ˈniu̯wi
52   Sarikoli neej nɵd͡ʑ
113   Old Frisian nī niː niː
120   Middle High German niuwe ˈnyːwə ˈnyːwə
111   Old English nīwe ˈniːwe ˈniːwe
118   Old Saxon niuuui ˈniu̯wi ˈniu̯wi
115   Middle Dutch nieuwe ˈniə̯wə ˈniə̯wə
102   Old Icelandic nýr nyːr nyːr
101   Gothic niujis 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌹𐍃 ˈniwjis ˈniwjis
152   Middle Cornish nowyth ˈnowiː
153   Late Cornish noueth ˈnowiθ
145   Portuguese: Brazilian novo
45   Vâsi-vari: Paṣki in′ü inˈǖ inˈyː inˈy
39   Pashai: North-West nongu نونګو ˈnoˑŋɡu noːnɡu
40   Kamviri nu·′ĩ nujˈĩ nu.ĩ
41   Kâta-vari: Eastern nu·′i nūi nu.ˈi nu.ˈi
42   Kâta-vari: Ktivi n′ui nˈuj nˈui
43   Kalaṣa-alâ: Nišeigrâm nuŋa nuŋˈɐ nuŋˈɐ
132   Milanese nöf nœf
106   Norwegian: Nynorsk ny nyː nyː
References
  • Adams, Douglas Q.: 287-288
    S.v. TochB ñuwe 'new', which with TochA ñu reflects Proto-Tocharian *ñäwe from PIE *néwo-.
  • Beekes, Robert: 1009
    S.v. νέος 'new, young, youthful, unusual, unheard' < PIE *neu̯o- 'new'. The derivative form νεαρός < *neu̯eró- vel sim. is a parallel formation to Arm. nora 'new'.
  • Derksen, Rick: 357
    S.v. Proto-Slavic *novъ 'new', from PIE *neuos (cf. Skt. náva- 'new, fresh, young', Gk. νέος, Lat. novus, Goth. niujis).
  • Derksen, Rick: 330-331
    S.v. Lith. naũjas 'new', from PIE *neuios, *neuos.
  • Dunkel, George E.: 577-583
    The adjectives *néu̯o-, *néu̯i̯o- are based on the particle *nú 'now'.
  • Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 690-691
    S.v. OLith. naũjas 'neu, jung' (BSl. OPr. nawans 'neu', OCS novъ 'neu', etc.), from PIE *néu̯-i̯o-, 'neu', *néu̯-o- 'id.' (cf. Hitt. nēwa- 'neu', Ved. návya- 'id.', YAv. nauua- 'neu, frisch', Gk. νέος 'neu, jung', Myc. ne-wo, ne-wa 'neu', Lat. novus, -a, -um 'neu', OIr. núae 'neu', MW newydd 'id.', Goth. niujis 'neu', TochA ñu, etc.).
  • Hübschmann, H.: 479
    S.v. Arm. նոր nor 'neu', traditionally connected with Greek νεαρός 'young, youthful, tender, fresh', derivatives from PIE *néu̯o-.
  • Kloekhorst, Alwin: 605
    S.v. Hitt. nēu̯a- 'new, fresh', from PIE *néuo- (cf. Skt. náva-, Gk. νέος, Lat. novus, OCS novъ 'new').
  • Kroonen, Guus: 389
    S.v. Proto-Germanic *neuja- 'new', from PIE *neu-io- (cf. Skt. návya- 'new', OIr. núae, Lith. naũjas, etc.).
  • Matasović, Ranko: 293
    S.v. Proto-Celtic *nowyo- 'new', from PIE *neuos 'new'.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred: II:25
    S.v. Ved. náva- 'neu-, frisch, jung', from PIE *néu̯o- 'neu, jung'.
  • Sims-Williams, Nicholas: 240
    Bactrian νωγο < *nawa-ka- (cf. Chor. nwʸk).
  • Trubačev, O. N.: 26: 9-13
    S.v. PS *novŭ(jĭ).
  • Wodtko, Dagmar S. and Irslinger, Britta and Schneider, Carolin: 524-26
    S.v. *neu̯- 'neu' (IEW 769).
  • de Vaan, Michiel: 416
    S.v. Lat. novus 'new', from PIE *neuo- 'new, young', *neuio- 'new'.