Cognate Set 153 – Meaning: two

	Language	Lexeme	Native script	Phonetic	Phonemic	Notes
18	Albanian: Gheg	dy				From PAlb *duwō, fem. *duwai.
17	Armenian: Western	erkow	երկու	jɛɾˈɡu	ɛɾɡu
16	Armenian: Eastern	erkow	երկու	jɛɾˈku	ɛɾku
25	Bengali	dui	দুই	d̪ui
79	Bulgarian	dva	два	dvɑ̈	dva
98	Belarusian	dva	два	dvɑ̈	dva
141	Catalan	dos		dos	dos
93	Czech	dva		dvɑ̈	dva
110	Danish	to		ˈtoˀ
116	Dutch	twee		twe
112	English	two			tuː
104	Faroese	tveir		tʰvaiːɹ
117	Flemish	twee
136	French	deux		dø	dø
114	Frisian	twa		tʋaː
122	German	zwei		ˈtsvaɪ	ˈtsvaɪ
8	Greek: Modern Std	dýo	δύο	ˈðio̞	ˈðio̞	Monosyllabic variant form δυο [ðʝo̞].
29	Hindi	do	दो	d̪o	d̪o
103	Icelandic	tveir		tveiːr
161	Gaelic: Irish	dó		ˈd̪ˠoː	ˈdˠoː
129	Italian	due		ˈduːe	ˈdue
34	Kashmiri	zae	زا	zɨ	zɨ
131	Ladin	doi			ˈdoi̯
76	Lithuanian	dù, dvì		dʊ, dʲʋʲɪ	dʊ, dvʲɪ
95	Sorbian: Lower	dwa		dwɑ̈	dwa
94	Sorbian: Upper	dwaj		dwɑ̈j	dwaj
80	Macedonian	dva	два	dvɑ̈	dva
33	Marathi	dona	दोन	d̪on
31	Nepali	duī	दुई	d̪ui
67	Persian: Tehran	do	دو	do	do
88	Polish	dwa		dvɑ̈	dva
144	Portuguese	dois		doiʃ	doiʃ
105	Norwegian: Bokmål	to		tuː	tuː
97	Russian	dva	два	dvɑ̈	dva
134	Sardinian: Logudoro	duos		ˈduː.os	ˈduː.os
133	Sardinian: Nuoro	dúos		ˈduː.os	ˈduː.os
83	Serbo-Croat	dva		dvɑ̈̂ː	dvâː
23	Sinhalese	deka	දෙක	dekə
91	Slovak	dva		dvɑ̈	dva
85	Slovene	dva		dʋɑ̈́ː	dváː
143	Spanish	dos		dɔs	dos
109	Swedish	två		tvoː
99	Ukrainian	dva	два	dβɑ̈	dva
51	Wakhi	bu(y)			buj
137	Walloon	deûs		døː	døː
3	Tocharian A	wu		wu	wu	Fem. we, cognate with Toch. B wi (both genders).
4	Tocharian B	wi		wi	wəj	Originally feminine, from PIE *dwóyh₁ (cf. Tocharian A we).
1	Hittite	dān	da-a-an			Adverbial form. As an adjective the numeral is only attested using the logographic spelling '2' taking case endings from the pronominal declension. Cf. Hoffner & Melchert (2008:156).
56	Kurdish N.: Bahdini	du		dʊ	dʊ
6	Greek: Ancient	dýo	δύο	dýo̞	dýo̞	G.D. δυοῖν (inflected as a dual)
77	Old Prussian	dwai
124	Latin	duo		ˈdu.o	ˈdu.o	G.sg. duōrum
121	Luxembourgish	zwee		tsweː	tsweː
74	Latvian	divi		ˈdivi	divi
78	Old Church Slavonic	dŭva	дъва	dʊ̆ʋɑ	dʊva
21	Vedic: Early	dvá-	द्व-	ˈdʋɐ-, duˈɐ-	dvá-	dual
30	Urdu	do	دو	d̪o
26	Maithili	dū	दू	d̪u
130	Friulian	doi		ˈdoj	ˈdoj
46	Avestan: Younger	duua	𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀		du̯a
158	Old Irish	dá		ˈd̪ˠaː	ˈdaː
72	Ossetic: Iron	dywwæ	дыууӕ	dɘˈwːɜ	dəwwɜ
73	Ossetic: Digor	duwæ	дууӕ	duwɜ	duwɜ
15	Armenian: Classical	erkow	երկու	jɛɾˈku	ɛɾku-u-
147	Umbrian	dur				Native script: tuf (acc.f.?, Ib 41), tuva (nom./acc.n., IIa 27, III 32,34), tuves (dat.m./n., III 19), tuvere (loc.abl.f. + postpos. -en, IIa 33). Latin script: dur (nom.m., VIb 50, VIIa 46), duir (dat.m./n. Vb 10, 15).
19	Albanian: Standard	dy
160	Gaelic: Manx	daa		dɛː	dɛː	dá
154	Old Breton	dou
149	Old Welsh	dou		dou
148	Gaulish	(uo-)dui
28	Bhojpuri	dūi, dū	दुई, दू	dʊi, dʊ
13	Tsakonian: Peloponnese	dý(ou)	δύ(ου)	ˈði(u)	ˈði(u)
108	Old Swedish	tver		tveːr	tveːr
107	Elfdalian	twå		twɔː	twɔː	Inflected forms: M "twer"; F "twär"; N "tau".
22	Pali	dvi		dʋɪ	dvi
5	Greek: Mycenaean	dwo	𐁄	du̯o̞, du̯o̞ː	du̯o̞(ː)	Attested in PY Ub 1315.3, etc. See DMic. for full range of attestations.
7	Greek: New Testament	dýo	δύο	ˈdyo̞	ˈdyo̞	> 30 attestations in the NT.
49	Khotanese	duva		dʊwɐ	duu̯a	Var. dva, duta; fem. dvī
155	Middle Breton	dou, daou m.		ˈdou, ˈdau		The corresponding feminine form is diu, dyu, dyou.
90	Polabian	dåvo		dɒˈvɔ	dɒˈvo
89	Kashubian	dwa		dvɑ̈	dva
66	Middle Persian	dō	dw	doː	doː	ZP dw-
55	Parthian	dō	dw	doː	doː
14	Tsakonian: Propontis	ntýo, nto	ντύο, ντο	ˈndio̞, ndo̞	ˈntio̞, nto̞
53	Yaghnobi	du		ˈdü
10	Greek: Pontic	dýo	δύο	ˈðio̞	ˈðio̞	also /ˈði(i)/
11	Greek: Cypriot	thkyo	θκυο	ˈθcɔ	ˈðjɔ
12	Greek: Italiot	dýo	δύο	ˈðio̞	ˈðio̞	Cal.; /ˈdio̞/ Ap.
9	Greek: Cappadocian	dýo	δύο	ˈðio	ˈðio	also /dio/, /eˈðio/
75	Latgalian	div		dʲiv	dʲiv
125	Romanian	doi		doj	doj
135	Anglo-Norman	deus
139	Franco-Provençal	dou		ˈdu	ˈdu
142	Old Spanish	dos			dos
128	Neapolitan	roje		ˈrojə	ˈrojə
159	Gaelic: Scottish	dà			daː
27	Magahi	dū	दू	d̪u
35	Palula	dúu	دُو	d̪uː	dúu
157	Breton: Treger	daou		ˈdəu, ˈdiu	ˈdəu, ˈdiu	m, diw f
156	Breton: Gwened	dëw, diw		dəɥ, diːɥ		dëw is masculine, diw feminine
151	Welsh: North	dau		daːɨ	daːɨ	fem. dwy /duːɨ/ [duːɨ]
87	Old Polish	dwa		dva̠	dva
150	Middle Welsh	deu			deʉ
92	Old Czech	dva		dβɑ̈	dva
96	Old Novgorod	dva	два	dʋɑ	dva
71	Kumzari	dō		doː	doː
100	Rusyn	dva		d(v/β)ɑ̈	dva
81	Macedonian: Suho	dva		dvɑ̈	dva
82	Macedonian: Visoka	dva		dβɑ̈	dva
86	Slovene: Kostel	dva		dʋɑ̈	dva
84	Slovene: Early Modern	dvá
68	Bakhtiari	do		do	do
54	Bactrian	loo	λοο		luː	AF loi, looi
123	German: Bernese	zwöi		tsʋ̥œɪ	tsʋ̥œɪ
62	Tati	dö			dø
48	Sogdian	δwa	dwʾ		ðu̯a
63	Mazanderani	do			do
69	Delvari	do			do
70	Lari	do			do
64	Balochi: Sistani	do			do
57	Kurdish C.: Jafi	dū			du
138	Old Occitan	dous
126	Megleno-Romanian	doi̯
20	Albanian: Arbëresh	di			ˈdi
140	Old Catalan	dos		dos	dos
38	Khowar	ǰu	جُو	dʑu	dʑu
37	Gawarbati	du	دُو	d̪uˑ	du	GM dū
24	Assamese	dui	দুই	dui		Beng.
32	Punjabi	do	ਦੋ
36	Gawri	dū	دُو	d̪ṵːʔ	duː H(L)
47	Khwarazmian	ǝδwa	ʾδw		əðu̯a
50	Pashto	dwa	دوه	d̪ʋa	d̪wa
39	Pashai: North-West	də	ده	d̪ə	də
61	Raji: Barzoki	dö		d̪ɵ	d̪ɵ
58	Kurdish S.: Elami	dẅē			dɥeː	The form dẅē is more common in list-counting, and a shorter form dwı (with non-fronted w) is more common with a following noun.
60	Hawrami	dwe			dɨweː
127	Dalmatian: Vegliote	doi̯			doj
119	Old High German	zuuēne		ˈtsweːne	ˈtsweːne
52	Sarikoli	dhew			ðew
113	Old Frisian	twēne		ˈtwɛːne	ˈtwɛːne
120	Middle High German	zwei		tswei̯	tswei̯
111	Old English	twēġen		ˈtweːjen	ˈtweːjen
118	Old Saxon	tuuêne		ˈtwɛːne	ˈtwɛːne
115	Middle Dutch	twee		tweː	tweː
102	Old Icelandic	tveir		twɛi̯r	twɛi̯r
101	Gothic	twai	𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌹	twɛː	twɛː
152	Middle Cornish	dew, dyw			dew, diw
153	Late Cornish	deau			dew
106	Norwegian: Nynorsk	to		tuː	tuː
145	Portuguese: Brazilian	dois
45	Vâsi-vari: Paṣki	l′ü	lˈǖ	lˈyː	lˈy
40	Kamviri	d′ü		dˈy	dˈy
41	Kâta-vari: Eastern	di′u	dü	djˈu	diˈu
42	Kâta-vari: Ktivi	di′u		djˈu	diˈu
43	Kalaṣa-alâ: Nišeigrâm	dü		dˈy	dˈy
44	Saṇu-viri: Wâmâ	d′u		dˈʉ	dˈʉ
59	Kurdish S.: Qorveh	do			do
132	Milanese	dü			dy

References

Adams, Douglas Q.: 651

S.v. TochB wi 'two', which with TochA wu- (m.) and we- (f.) reflect PIE *du̯ō(u) (m.) and *du̯oi (nt.).

Beekes, Robert: 359

S.v. Gk. δύο 'two', from PIE *duu̯o, *duu̯-eh₃ (?) 'two'.

Demiraj, Bardhyl: 151-152

S.v. Alb. dy 'zwei', without a doubt inherited from the PIE word for 'two'. Cf. for discussion of possibilities for the stem formation in Albanian.

Derksen, Rick: 130

S.v. Proto-Slavic *d(ъ)va 'two' (ESSJa V 185-186), from PIE *duo-h₁, *duo-ih₁ (cf. Skt. dvā́, Gk. δυώ).

Derksen, Rick: 143

S.v. Lith. dù, dvì 'two' (Latv. divi 'two', OPr. dwai 'two'), from PIE *duo-h₁, duo-ih₁ (*duo-i?) (cf. Skt. dvā́ 'two', Gk. δύω 'two').

Dunkel, George E.: 168-174

S.v. *du̯ó-, *du̯í- 'zwei (einzelne)' Zahlwort, nicht-inklusiv.

Eichner, Heiner: 1-141

For a survey of the numeral 'two' in Indo-European, cf. pp. 1-141.

Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 235-237

S.v. OLith. dù, dvì 'zwei' (BSl. Latv. divi 'zwei', OPr. dwai 'zwei', OCS dъva 'zwei', etc.), from PIE m. *du̯óh₁, f. du̯eh₂-ih₁, nt. du̯óih₁ 'zwei' (cf. Ved. dvā́, duvā́, Av. m. duua, f. duuaē, Gk. δυό, (Hom.) δυώ 'zwei', Arm. erkow, 'zwei', Lat. duo 'zwei', OIr. da, dá, 'zwei', Goth. m. twai, f. twos, nt. twa 'zwei', etc., TochA we, TochB wi 'zwei').

Kloekhorst, Alwin: 826-827

Cf. s.v. Hitt. tān 'for the second time, again, subordinately'. Hitt. attests only adverbial dān < *du̯oi̯-om (cf. Skt. dvayá- 'twofold'), but other Anatolian languages attest the numeral properly: cf. HLuw. twi- 'two', Lyc. kbi- 'another' < *du̯i-, and derived forms via HLuw. twisu (adv.) 'twice', Lyc. kbihu- 'twice', Mil. tbisu 'twice'.

Kroonen, Guus: 529

S.v. *twa 'two', from PIE *duo-.

Martirosyan, Hrach: 268-269

S.v. Arm. erku 'two', from the PIE word for 'two' (cf. Gk. δύο, Skt. dva-, etc.'). The final -u in Armenian points to a dual form *duo-h₁ (cf. Skt. dvā́ m. 'two') or *duōu (cf. Skt. NADu. d(u)váu 'two').

Matasović, Ranko: 110

S.v. Proto-Celtic *dwāw 'two', from PIE *du̯oh₁ 'two' (cf. Lat. duo, Skt. dvā́, Gk. δύω, OE tū, Lith. dù, OCS dъva, Arm. erku, TochB wi, Alb. dy).

Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:761-763

S.v. Ved. dva- 'zwei', (cf. IIr. YAv. duua [nom.du.]), from PIE *d(u)u̯ó.

Orel, Vladimir: 79

S.v. Alb. dy 'two', from PAlb. *duwō, fem. duwai, reflexes from PIE *d(u)u̯ō(u), fem. *d(u)u̯oi.

de Vaan, Michiel: 183

S.v. Lat. duo, duae, duo 'two', from PIE *du-o-h₁ (nom.du.m.), *du-o-ih₁ (nom.du.n.f.). Original *duō has become duo in Lat. by iambic shortening.