Cognate Set 153 – Meaning: two

	Language	Lexeme	Native script	Phonetic	Phonemic	Notes
16	Albanian: Gheg	dy				From PAlb *duwō, fem. *duwai.
15	Armenian: Western	erkow	երկու	jɛɾˈɡu	ɛɾɡu
14	Armenian: Eastern	erkow	երկու	jɛɾˈku	ɛɾku
23	Bengali	dui	দুই	d̪ui
77	Bulgarian	dva	два	dvɑ̈	dva
96	Belarusian	dva	два	dvɑ̈	dva
140	Catalan	dos		dos	dos
91	Czech	dva		dvɑ̈	dva
108	Danish	to		ˈtoˀ
114	Dutch	twee		twe
110	English	two			tuː
102	Faroese	tveir		tʰvaiːɹ
115	Flemish	twee
135	French	deux		dø	dø
112	Frisian	twa		tʋaː
120	German	zwei		ˈtsvaɪ	ˈtsvaɪ
8	Greek: Modern Std	dýo	δύο	ˈðio̞	ˈðio̞	Monosyllabic variant form δυο [ðʝo̞].
27	Hindi	do	दो	d̪o	d̪o
101	Icelandic	tveir		tveiːr
160	Gaelic: Irish	dó		ˈd̪ˠoː	ˈdˠoː
127	Italian	due		ˈduːe	ˈdue
32	Kashmiri	zae	زا	zɨ	zɨ
129	Ladin	doi			ˈdoi̯
74	Lithuanian	dù, dvì		dʊ, dʲʋʲɪ	dʊ, dvʲɪ
93	Sorbian: Lower	dwa		dwɑ̈	dwa
92	Sorbian: Upper	dwaj		dwɑ̈j	dwaj
78	Macedonian	dva	два	dvɑ̈	dva
31	Marathi	dona	दोन	d̪on
29	Nepali	duī	दुई	d̪ui
67	Persian: Tehran	do	دو	do	do
86	Polish	dwa		dvɑ̈	dva
143	Portuguese	dois		doiʃ	doiʃ
103	Norwegian: Bokmål	to		tuː	tuː
95	Russian	dva	два	dvɑ̈	dva
132	Sardinian: Logudoro	duos		ˈduː.os	ˈduː.os
131	Sardinian: Nuoro	dúos		ˈduː.os	ˈduː.os
81	Serbo-Croat	dva		dvɑ̈̂ː	dvâː
21	Sinhalese	deka	දෙක	dekə
89	Slovak	dva		dvɑ̈	dva
83	Slovene	dva		dʋɑ̈́ː	dváː
142	Spanish	dos		dɔs	dos
107	Swedish	två		tvoː
97	Ukrainian	dva	два	dβɑ̈	dva
49	Wakhi	bu(y)			buj
136	Walloon	deûs		døː	døː
3	Tocharian A	wu		wu	wu	Fem. we, cognate with Toch. B wi (both genders).
4	Tocharian B	wi		wi	wəj	Originally feminine, from PIE *dwóyh₁ (cf. Tocharian A we).
1	Hittite	dān	da-a-an			Adverbial form. As an adjective the numeral is otherwise only attested using the logographic spelling '2' taking case endings from the pronominal declension, cf. Hoffner & Melchert (2008:156). Cf. EDHIL 826-827 s.v. tān 'for the second time, again, subordinately' for examples of forms attested and discussion.
54	Kurdish N.: Bahdini	du		dʊ	dʊ
6	Greek: Ancient	dýo	δύο	dýo̞	dýo̞	G.D. δυοῖν (inflected as a dual)
75	Old Prussian	dwai
122	Latin	duo		ˈdu.o	ˈdu.o	G.sg. duōrum
119	Luxembourgish	zwee		tsweː	tsweː
72	Latvian	divi		ˈdivi	divi
76	Old Church Slavonic	dŭva	дъва	dʊ̆ʋɑ	dʊva
19	Vedic: Early	dvá-	द्व-	ˈdʋɐ-, duˈɐ-	dvá-	dual
28	Urdu	do	دو	d̪o
24	Maithili	dū	दू	d̪u
128	Friulian	doi		ˈdoj	ˈdoj
44	Avestan: Younger	duua	𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀		du̯a
157	Old Irish	dá		ˈd̪ˠaː	ˈdaː
63	Ossetic: Iron	dywwæ	дыууӕ	dɘˈwːɜ	dəwwɜ
64	Ossetic: Digor	duwæ	дууӕ	duwɜ	duwɜ
13	Armenian: Classical	erkow	երկու	jɛɾˈku	ɛɾku-u-
146	Umbrian	dur				Native script: tuf (acc.f.?, Ib 41), tuva (nom./acc.n., IIa 27, III 32,34), tuves (dat.m./n., III 19), tuvere (loc.abl.f. + postpos. -en, IIa 33). Latin script: dur (nom.m., VIb 50, VIIa 46), duir (dat.m./n. Vb 10, 15).
17	Albanian: Standard	dy
159	Gaelic: Manx	daa		dɛː	dɛː	dá
153	Old Breton	dou
148	Old Welsh	dou		dou
147	Gaulish	(uo-)dui
26	Bhojpuri	dūi, dū	दुई, दू	dʊi, dʊ
106	Old Swedish	tver		tveːr	tveːr
105	Elfdalian	twå		twɔː	twɔː	Inflected forms: M "twer"; F "twär"; N "tau".
20	Pali	dvi		dʋɪ	dvi
5	Greek: Mycenaean	dwo	𐁄	du̯o̞, du̯o̞ː	du̯o̞(ː)	Attested in PY Ub 1315.3, etc. See DMic. for full range of attestations.
7	Greek: New Testament	dýo	δύο	ˈdyo̞	ˈdyo̞	> 30 attestations in the NT.
47	Khotanese	duva		dʊwɐ	duu̯a	Var. dva, duta; fem. dvī
154	Middle Breton	dou, daou m.		ˈdou, ˈdau		The corresponding feminine form is diu, dyu, dyou.
88	Polabian	dåvo		dɒˈvɔ	dɒˈvo
87	Kashubian	dwa		dvɑ̈	dva
66	Middle Persian	dō	dw	doː	doː	ZP dw-
53	Parthian	dō	dw	doː	doː
51	Yaghnobi	du		ˈdü
10	Greek: Pontic	dýo	δύο	ˈðio̞	ˈðio̞	also /ˈði(i)/
11	Greek: Cypriot	thkyo	θκυο	ˈθcɔ	ˈðjɔ
12	Greek: Italiot	dýo	δύο	ˈðio̞	ˈðio̞	Cal.; /ˈdio̞/ Ap.
9	Greek: Cappadocian	dýo	δύο	ˈðio	ˈðio	also /dio/, /eˈðio/
73	Latgalian	div		dʲiv	dʲiv
123	Romanian	doi		doj	doj
133	Old French	deus
134	Anglo-Norman	deus
138	Franco-Provençal	dou		ˈdu	ˈdu
141	Old Spanish	dos			dos
126	Neapolitan	roje		ˈrojə	ˈrojə
158	Gaelic: Scottish	dà			daː
25	Magahi	dū	दू	d̪u
33	Palula	dúu	دُو	d̪uː	dúu
156	Breton: Treger	daou		ˈdəu, ˈdiu	ˈdəu, ˈdiu	m, diw f
155	Breton: Gwened	dëw, diw		dəɥ, diːɥ		dëw is masculine, diw feminine
150	Welsh: North	dau		daːɨ	daːɨ	fem. dwy /duːɨ/ [duːɨ]
85	Old Polish	dwa		dva̠	dva
149	Middle Welsh	deu			deʉ
90	Old Czech	dva		dβɑ̈	dva
94	Old Novgorod	dva	два	dʋɑ	dva
71	Kumzari	dō		doː	doː
98	Rusyn	dva		d(v/β)ɑ̈	dva
79	Macedonian: Suho	dva		dvɑ̈	dva
80	Macedonian: Visoka	dva		dβɑ̈	dva
84	Slovene: Kostel	dva		dʋɑ̈	dva
82	Slovene: Early Modern	dvá
68	Bakhtiari	do		do	do
52	Bactrian	loo	λοο		luː	AF loi, looi
121	German: Bernese	zwöi		tsʋ̥œɪ	tsʋ̥œɪ
60	Tati	dö			dø
46	Sogdian	δwa	dwʾ		ðu̯a
61	Mazanderani	do			do
69	Delvari	do			do
70	Lari	do			do
62	Balochi: Sistani	do			do
55	Kurdish C.: Jafi	dū			du
137	Old Occitan	dous
124	Megleno-Romanian	doi̯
18	Albanian: Arbëresh	di			ˈdi
139	Old Catalan	dos		dos	dos
36	Khowar	ǰu	جُو	dʑu	dʑu
35	Gawarbati	du	دُو	d̪uˑ	du	GM dū
22	Assamese	dui	দুই	dui		Beng.
30	Punjabi	do	ਦੋ
34	Gawri	dū	دُو	d̪ṵːʔ	duː H(L)
45	Khwarazmian	ǝδwa	ʾδw		əðu̯a
48	Pashto	dwa	دوه	d̪ʋa	d̪wa
37	Pashai: North-West	də	ده	d̪ə	də
59	Raji: Barzoki	dö		d̪ɵ	d̪ɵ
56	Kurdish S.: Elami	dẅē			dɥeː	The form dẅē is more common in list-counting, and a shorter form dwı (with non-fronted w) is more common with a following noun.
58	Hawrami	dwe			dɨweː
125	Dalmatian: Vegliote	doi̯			doj
117	Old High German	zuuēne		ˈtsweːne	ˈtsweːne
50	Sarikoli	dhew			ðew
111	Old Frisian	twēne		ˈtwɛːne	ˈtwɛːne
118	Middle High German	zwei		tswei̯	tswei̯
109	Old English	twēġen		ˈtweːjen	ˈtweːjen
116	Old Saxon	tuuêne		ˈtwɛːne	ˈtwɛːne
113	Middle Dutch	twee		tweː	tweː
100	Old Icelandic	tveir		twɛi̯r	twɛi̯r
99	Gothic	twai	𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌹	twɛː	twɛː
151	Middle Cornish	dew, dyw			dew, diw
152	Late Cornish	deau			dew
104	Norwegian: Nynorsk	to		tuː	tuː
144	Portuguese: Brazilian	dois
43	Vâsi-vari: Paṣki	l′ü	lˈǖ	lˈyː	lˈy
38	Kamviri	d′ü		dˈy	dˈy
39	Kâta-vari: Eastern	di′u	dü	djˈu	diˈu
40	Kâta-vari: Ktivi	di′u		djˈu	diˈu
41	Kalaṣa-alâ: Nišeigrâm	dü		dˈy	dˈy
42	Saṇu-viri: Wâmâ	d′u		dˈʉ	dˈʉ
57	Kurdish S.: Qorveh	do			do
130	Milanese	dü			dy

References

Adams, Douglas Q.: 651

S.v. TochB wi 'two', which with TochA wu- (m.) and we- (f.) reflect PIE *du̯ō(u) (m.) and *du̯oi (nt.).

Beekes, Robert: 359

S.v. Gk. δύο 'two', from PIE *duu̯o, *duu̯-eh₃ (?) 'two'.

Demiraj, Bardhyl: 151-152

S.v. Alb. dy 'zwei', without a doubt inherited from the PIE word for 'two'. Cf. for discussion of possibilities for the stem formation in Albanian.

Derksen, Rick: 130

S.v. Proto-Slavic *d(ъ)va 'two' (ESSJa V 185-186), from PIE *duo-h₁, *duo-ih₁ (cf. Skt. dvā́, Gk. δυώ).

Derksen, Rick: 143

S.v. Lith. dù, dvì 'two' (Latv. divi 'two', OPr. dwai 'two'), from PIE *duo-h₁, duo-ih₁ (*duo-i?) (cf. Skt. dvā́ 'two', Gk. δύω 'two').

Dunkel, George E.: 168-174

S.v. *du̯ó-, *du̯í- 'zwei (einzelne)' Zahlwort, nicht-inklusiv.

Eichner, Heiner: 1-141

For a survey of the numeral 'two' in Indo-European, cf. pp. 1-141.

Hock, Wolfgang and Fecht, Rainer and Feulner, Anna Helene and Hill, Eugen and Wodtko, Dagmar S.: 235-237

S.v. OLith. dù, dvì 'zwei' (BSl. Latv. divi 'zwei', OPr. dwai 'zwei', OCS dъva 'zwei', etc.), from PIE m. *du̯óh₁, f. du̯eh₂-ih₁, nt. du̯óih₁ 'zwei' (cf. Ved. dvā́, duvā́, Av. m. duua, f. duuaē, Gk. δυό, (Hom.) δυώ 'zwei', Arm. erkow, 'zwei', Lat. duo 'zwei', OIr. da, dá, 'zwei', Goth. m. twai, f. twos, nt. twa 'zwei', etc., TochA we, TochB wi 'zwei').

Kloekhorst, Alwin: 826-827

Cf. s.v. Hitt. tān 'for the second time, again, subordinately'. Hitt. attests only adverbial dān < *du̯oi̯-om (cf. Skt. dvayá- 'twofold'), but other Anatolian languages attest the numeral properly: cf. HLuw. twi- 'two', Lyc. kbi- 'another' < *du̯i-, and derived forms via HLuw. twisu (adv.) 'twice', Lyc. kbihu- 'twice', Mil. tbisu 'twice'.

Kroonen, Guus: 529

S.v. *twa 'two', from PIE *duo-.

Martirosyan, Hrach: 268-269

S.v. Arm. erku 'two', from the PIE word for 'two' (cf. Gk. δύο, Skt. dva-, etc.'). The final -u in Armenian points to a dual form *duo-h₁ (cf. Skt. dvā́ m. 'two') or *duōu (cf. Skt. NADu. d(u)váu 'two').

Matasović, Ranko: 110

S.v. Proto-Celtic *dwāw 'two', from PIE *du̯oh₁ 'two' (cf. Lat. duo, Skt. dvā́, Gk. δύω, OE tū, Lith. dù, OCS dъva, Arm. erku, TochB wi, Alb. dy).

Mayrhofer, Manfred: I:761-763

S.v. Ved. dva- 'zwei', (cf. IIr. YAv. duua [nom.du.]), from PIE *d(u)u̯ó.

Orel, Vladimir: 79

S.v. Alb. dy 'two', from PAlb. *duwō, fem. duwai, reflexes from PIE *d(u)u̯ō(u), fem. *d(u)u̯oi.

de Vaan, Michiel: 183

S.v. Lat. duo, duae, duo 'two', from PIE *du-o-h₁ (nom.du.m.), *du-o-ih₁ (nom.du.n.f.). Original *duō has become duo in Lat. by iambic shortening.